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SM Endocrine > Anatomy of the Thyroid Gland > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Thyroid Gland Flashcards

1
Q

At what vertebral level does the larynx become the trachea

A

C6

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2
Q

What 2 structures is the thyroid gland closely related to in the anterior neck

A

The larynx and the trachea

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3
Q

What does the thyroid gland usually consist of

A

2 lateral lobes (right and left) and an isthmus

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4
Q

What is the isthmus

A

A narrow connecting band

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5
Q

What do the lobes of the thyroid gland attach to

A

The lateral aspects of the thyroid and cricoid cartilages and to the trachea

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6
Q

What direction will the thyroid gland move when we swallow

A

Same as the larynx and the trachea

It will move superiorly then inferiorly

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7
Q

Where are the 4 parathyroid glands located

A

Not the posterior surfaces of the thyroid gland’s lateral lobes

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8
Q

What cartilage is located superiorly to the cricoid cartilage

A

The arytenoid cartilage

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9
Q

Where does the pyramidal lobe most commonly originate from

A

The left lateral lobe of the thyroid gland

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10
Q

Where doe most pyramidal lobes superiorly attach to

A

the thyroid cartilage

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11
Q

Some pyramidal lobes may extend as far superiorly as where?

A

The hyoid bone

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12
Q

Where does the thyroid gland begin its development

A

As a midline epithelial proliferation at the junction between the anterior 2/3rd and the posterior 1/3 of the tongue

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13
Q

Where does the gland migrate to

A

Migrates inferiorly whilst remaining attached to the tongue to the thryoglossbal duct

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14
Q

When does the thyroid gland reach its final position

A

7th week of development

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15
Q

Where might the pyramidal bone be found

A

Anywhere along the migratory path of the thyroid gland

It is an ectopic thyroid gland tissue

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16
Q

What encapsulates the trachea, the oesophagus and the thyroid gland

A

A layer of deep neck fascia - pre tracheal fascia

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17
Q

What muscle can be found in the superficial fascia

A

The platysma muscle - muscle of facial expression

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18
Q

Where nerve supplies the platysma muscles

A

cranial nerve VII (facial nerve)

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19
Q

Where does the platysma muscle lie

A

It extends for the lower border of the mandible to the lower border of the neck

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20
Q

Name the 4 fascial compartments of the neck

A

Prevertebral (deep) fascia
Investing (deep) fascia
The 2 carotid sheaths
Pretracheal (deep) fascia

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21
Q

What deep fascia layer is the most superficial

A

Investing

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22
Q

What is contained within the investing fascia

A

All other neck fascial compartments

encloses 2 pairs of muscles: trapezius and the sternocleidomastoid

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23
Q

What fascia is deep to the investing fascia

A

Prevertebral fascia, the pre tracheal fascia and the 2 carotid sheaths

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24
Q

What is contained within the prevertebral fascia

A

Encloses the cervical vertebrae and the postural neck muscles

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25
Q

What is enclosed by the carotid sheaths

A

Internal jugular veins
carotid arteries
the vagus nerves
the deep cervical lymph nodes

26
Q

What are the strap muscles responsible for

A

Depressing the laryngeal cartilage when speaking and swallowing

27
Q

What is the space between the prevertebral and the pre tracheal fascia called and why is this important

A

Retropharyngeal space - if infection develops, it will spread rapidly through this space

28
Q

where does the sternocleidomastoid attach

A

Sternal head - manubrium of the sternum
clavicular head - medial end of the clavicle
Both heads pass superiorly to attach to the mastoid process of the temporal bone

29
Q

Describe the anterior jugular vein

A

It is superficial vein in the superficial fascia which drains into he external jugular vein

30
Q

Describe the external jugular vein

A

A superficial vein in the superficial fascia which drains in to the subclavian vein

31
Q

what cranial nerve supplies the sternocleidomastoid and the trapezius

A

Cranial nerve XI - spinal accessory nerve

32
Q

Where does the carotid sheaths lie

A

Deep to the investing fascia and located anterolaterally in the neck either side of the thyroid gland

33
Q

Describe the structure of the carotid sheaths

A

Bilatera tubes of deep fascia which attach superiorly to the base of the skull. They run down the neck into the superior part of the thorax and the fascia will blend in with the mediastinal fascia

34
Q

What is enclosed within each carotid sheath

A

The internal jugular vein
The common, then the internal carotid arteries
The vagus nerve
the deep cervical lymph nodes

35
Q

Where do both the left and right inferior thyroid arteries branch from

A

The subclavian artery

36
Q

Describe the venous drainage of the thyroid and parathyroid glands

A

Superior, middle and inferior

37
Q

What drains into the internal jugular vein

A

The superior and middle thyroid veins

38
Q

What drains into the left brachiocephalic vein

A

Both the right and left inferior veins

39
Q

Where is the location of the venous angle

A

Between the internal jugular vein and the subclavian vein

40
Q

Where do the paratracheal nodes sit

A

Either side of the trachea

41
Q

What 2 somatic branches does the vagus nerve give rise to in the larynx

A

Superior laryngeal nerve and the right recurrent laryngeal nerve

42
Q

Describe the route of the right recurrent laryngeal nerve

A

It is a branch of the vagus nerve that hooks up underrate the right subclavian artery to then ascend back up towards the larynx

43
Q

Describe the route of the right vagus nerve

A

Lateral aspect of the trachea - it then passes posteriorly to the root of the lung and follow onto the surface of the oesophagus

44
Q

Where does the phrenic nerve lie

A

Anteriorly to the root of the lung

45
Q

Describe the route of the vagus nerve on the left hand side

A

It follows the arch of the aorta and it gives off the left recurrent laryngeal nerve - it hooks underneath the arch of the aorta to ascend back up towards the larynx

46
Q

What are the names of the 4 strap muscles

A

Sternohyoid
Thyrohyoid
Omohyoid
Sternothyroid

47
Q

What 1 of the 4 strap muscles has 2 bellies

A

The omohyoid - superior and inferior bellies

48
Q

What causes the omohyoid muscle to change direction

A

A small tendon that grips the mid portion of the muscle

49
Q

Where does the thyrohyoid muscle lie

A

The thyroid to the hyoid bone

50
Q

Where does the sternohyoid muscle lie

A

Sternum to the hyoid bone

51
Q

Where does the sternothroid muscle like

A

the sternum to the thyroid bone

52
Q

Where does the omohyoid muscle lie

A

Extends out towards the shoulder and attaches to the scapula to the hyoid bone

53
Q

What is the superior border of the manubrium

A

The jugular notch

54
Q

The external jugular vein cross what

A

The muscle belly of the sternocleidomastoid

55
Q

What forms the borders of anterior triangle of the neck

A

The laryngeal prominence of the thyroid cartilage,
The jugular notch
The sternal head border
The angle of the mandible and the inferior border of the mandible

56
Q

What forms the borders of the posterior triangle of the neck

A

Trapezius

The clavicular head border of the sternocleidomastoid and the clavicle

57
Q

How is a classical thyroidectomy performed

A

An incision through the skin and platysma just above the jugular notch and superior to the clavicle along langers lines

58
Q

What 2 structures does the recurrent laryngeal nerve lie between

A

In a groove between the trachea and the oesophagus

59
Q

What happens if a recurrent laryngeal nerve is damaged

A

Results in hoarse voice or losing the voice altogether

60
Q

What happens if both recurrent laryngeals are damaged bilaterally

A

Aphonia (inability to produce sound and also the inability to close the rim glottidis to prevent aspiration or produce a good cough - very dangerous situation

61
Q

What does the right recurrent laryngeal nerve provide

A

Somatic motor supply to most of the skeletal muscles that move the right vocal cord

SM Endocrine (27 decks)

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