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SM Endocrine > Assessment of Infertility > Flashcards

Assessment of Infertility Flashcards

1
Q

What is primary infertility

A

Infertility in a couple who have never conceived before

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2
Q

What is secondary infertility

A

Infertility in a couple who have previously conceived, although pregnancy may not have been successful

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3
Q

How many coupes with infertility will conceive within 7 years

A

1/3

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4
Q

What are some factors that result in an increased chance of conception

A

Woman

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5
Q

What percentage of infertility is caused by both male and female

A

10%

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6
Q

What is the main problem for females infertility

A

Ovulation failure

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7
Q

What are some causes of hypothalamic anovulatory infertility

A

Anorexia/ bulimia, excessive exercise

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8
Q

What are some causes of pituitary anovulatory infertility

A

hyperprolactinaemia
tumours
Sheehan syndrome

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9
Q

What are some ovarian causes of anovulatory infertility

A

PCOS

premature ovarian failure

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10
Q

What blood tests can be carried out to test for anorexia

A

FSH, LH and oestradiol

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11
Q

What is the commonest endocrine disorder in women

A

PCOS

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12
Q

What are some endocrine features of PCOS

A

High free androgens
High LH
impaired glucose intolerance

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13
Q

What are some clinical features of Premature ovarian failure

A

hot flushes
night sweats
atrophic vaginits

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14
Q

What is endometriosis

A

Presence of endometrial glands outside uterine cavity

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15
Q

What is the most likely cause of endometriosis

A

Retrograde menstruation

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16
Q

What are some clinical features of endometriosis

A

Dysmenorrhoea
Dyspanenuia
painful defaecation
chronic pelvic pain

17
Q

What is a classic characteristic of Endometriosis

A

Chocolate cysts on the ovary

18
Q

What diseases can cause erectile dysfunction

A

Diabetes

Spinal cord injury

19
Q

What are some clinical features of obstructive causes of male infertility

A

Possible absence of vas deferens
Normal testicular volume
normal secondary sexual characteristics

20
Q

What are the clinical features of non-obstructive male infertility

A

Low testicular volume
reduced secondary sexual characteristics
vas deferens present

21
Q

What is the name of the investigation that can be carried out to test for tubal potency

A

Hysterosalpingiogram

involves injecting dye into the uterus and looking to see if any leaks out

22
Q

What do obese patients require instead of a hysterosalpingiogram

A

Laparoscopy

23
Q

What can alter spermatogenesis

A

Binge drinking

Having a cold

24
Q

Why might the volume of semen be low

A

If he have missed the pot or ejaculated recently

25
Q

When should more investigations be ordered

A

Depends on the results of the initial investigations

26
Q

What do initial investigations include

A

Assessment of ovulation, tubal patency and semen analysis

SM Endocrine (27 decks)

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