Assessment of Infertility Flashcards
What is primary infertility
Infertility in a couple who have never conceived before
What is secondary infertility
Infertility in a couple who have previously conceived, although pregnancy may not have been successful
How many coupes with infertility will conceive within 7 years
1/3
What are some factors that result in an increased chance of conception
Woman
What percentage of infertility is caused by both male and female
10%
What is the main problem for females infertility
Ovulation failure
What are some causes of hypothalamic anovulatory infertility
Anorexia/ bulimia, excessive exercise
What are some causes of pituitary anovulatory infertility
hyperprolactinaemia
tumours
Sheehan syndrome
What are some ovarian causes of anovulatory infertility
PCOS
premature ovarian failure
What blood tests can be carried out to test for anorexia
FSH, LH and oestradiol
What is the commonest endocrine disorder in women
PCOS
What are some endocrine features of PCOS
High free androgens
High LH
impaired glucose intolerance
What are some clinical features of Premature ovarian failure
hot flushes
night sweats
atrophic vaginits
What is endometriosis
Presence of endometrial glands outside uterine cavity
What is the most likely cause of endometriosis
Retrograde menstruation
What are some clinical features of endometriosis
Dysmenorrhoea
Dyspanenuia
painful defaecation
chronic pelvic pain
What is a classic characteristic of Endometriosis
Chocolate cysts on the ovary
What diseases can cause erectile dysfunction
Diabetes
Spinal cord injury
What are some clinical features of obstructive causes of male infertility
Possible absence of vas deferens
Normal testicular volume
normal secondary sexual characteristics
What are the clinical features of non-obstructive male infertility
Low testicular volume
reduced secondary sexual characteristics
vas deferens present
What is the name of the investigation that can be carried out to test for tubal potency
Hysterosalpingiogram
involves injecting dye into the uterus and looking to see if any leaks out
What do obese patients require instead of a hysterosalpingiogram
Laparoscopy
What can alter spermatogenesis
Binge drinking
Having a cold
Why might the volume of semen be low
If he have missed the pot or ejaculated recently
When should more investigations be ordered
Depends on the results of the initial investigations
What do initial investigations include
Assessment of ovulation, tubal patency and semen analysis
