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SM Endocrine > Oogenesis and Spermatogenesis > Flashcards

Oogenesis and Spermatogenesis Flashcards

1
Q

Where does Oogenesis begin

A

In utero

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2
Q

When is oogenesis completed

A

Fertilisation

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3
Q

When does oogenesis cease

A

At the menopause

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4
Q

Describe the production of oocytes

A

cyclical

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5
Q

What is the earliest recognisable terminal cell

A

The primordial germ cell

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6
Q

What is a primordial germ cell capable of

A

Mitosis

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7
Q

Where do primordial germ cells migrate to and when

A

The genital ridge by week 6 of embryo development

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8
Q

What is one of the two products in the first stage of meiosis

A

The first polar body

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9
Q

What does the presence of two polar bodies signify

A

Sperm entry and the completion of the 2nd meiotic division

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10
Q

What is the difference between the divisions in females to males

A

Unequal division in females

Equal division in males

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11
Q

When is there the largest number of germ cells in the female

A

8 months of development

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12
Q

Why is there a massive death of germ cells at birth

A

Unknown

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13
Q

Roughly how many germ cells will be ovulated

A

400-500

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14
Q

Roughly how many germ cells are females born with

A

2million

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15
Q

How long does the ovarian cycle last

A

28 days

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16
Q

What are the 2 phases of the ovarian cycle

A

Follicular and Luteal

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17
Q

What happens in the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle

A

Maturation of egg, ready for ovulation at mid-cycle

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18
Q

What signals end of follicular phase

A

Ovulation

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19
Q

What happens in the Luteal phase of the ovarian cycle

A

Development of the corpus luteum

Induces preparation of reproductive tract for pregnancy (if fertilisation occurs)

20
Q

What is the primary follicle

A

The single layer of granolas cells that surrounds the primary oocyte

21
Q

What do a lot of primary follicles do before ovulation

A

Undergo atresia or death

22
Q

What do follicular cells left behind after ovulation undergo

A

Luteinisation - transformation to the corpus luteum

23
Q

What does the corpus luteum secrete

A

Progesterone

24
Q

What happens to the corpus luteum after ovulation

A

It grows for 8-9 days

25
Q

What happens to the corpus luteum if no fertilisation has occurred

A

It will survive no longer than 14 days after ovulation

26
Q

What does the degeneration of the corpus luteum signal

A

The start of a new follicular phase

27
Q

What happens to the corpus luteum is fertilisation has occurred

A

Corpus luteum persists and produces increasing quantities of progesterone and oestrogen until after pregnancy

28
Q

Where is GnRH secreted from

A

The hypothalamus

29
Q

What two hormones does the anterior pituitary secrete that is important in females

A

FSH and LH

30
Q

What does FSH do?

A

Stimulates development of follicles

31
Q

What does LH do

A

Stimulates follicule maturation, ovulation and development of the corpus luteum

32
Q

Where do both LH and FSH act

A

The ovary

33
Q

What do FSH and LH stimulate

A

The secretion of estradiol and ovulation

34
Q

What do the theca cells produce

A

Androgen

35
Q

What is androgen converted to and by what

A

Oestradiol and by the granulosa

36
Q

What does estradiol do

A

Thickens endometrium / thins cervical mucus

37
Q

What does oestrogen do to FSH

A

Suppresses the production

38
Q

What does the granolas in the dominant follicle express

A

LH receptor

39
Q

What do high levels of oestrogen at mid cycle cause

A

hypothalamus to release GnRH

40
Q

What happens to the levels of LH and FSH during ovulation

A

The levels fall

41
Q

How can we detect ovulation

A

Measure LH levels from a dipstick
In clinic using US
Measuring temperature

42
Q

What forms the corpus luteum

A

Remaining granulosa

43
Q

What does the corpus luteum degenerate to form

A

The corpus albicans

44
Q

If pregnancy occurs, what does the developing embryo produce

A

hCG (chorionic gonadotrophin)

45
Q

What does hCG do?

A

Maintains the corpus luteum

46
Q

The placenta takes over the role of what at around 6 weeks

A

The corpus luteum

SM Endocrine (27 decks)

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