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Clinical Chem 2 > thyroid function > Flashcards

thyroid function Flashcards

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1
Q

what two cells are in the thyroid gland

A

follicular and parafollicular

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2
Q

describe the follicular thyroid cells

A

single layer epithelial cells in a sphere

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3
Q

what hormones are made and secreted by follicular cells

A

T4
T3
rT3

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4
Q

what is T4

A

L-thyroxine

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5
Q

what is T3

A

L-triiodothyronine

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6
Q

what is rT3

A

reverse T3

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7
Q

where are hormones stored in the follicular cells

A

lumina follicle

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8
Q

what does the parafollicular cells secrete

A

calcitonin

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9
Q

what do thyroid hormones regulate

A
  • rate of O2 cosumption
  • heat production
  • growth
  • secual maturity
  • protein and carbohydrate metabolism
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10
Q

describe the hormone pattern of the hypothalamic pituitary thyroid axis

A

hypothalamus released TRH -> stimulates anterior pituitary secretes TSH -> releases T3 and T4

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11
Q

what regulates TSH secretion

A
  • TRH
  • somatostatin
  • FT3
  • FT4
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12
Q

true or false
FT3 and FT4 stimulate the release of somatostatin from hypothalamus

A

true

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13
Q

amount of secreted T4 that converts to T3

A

40%

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14
Q

what is the process of T4 converting to T3

A

monodeionidination

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15
Q

how much T3 (converted from T4) is converted to rT3

A

45%

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16
Q

true or false
rT3 is biologically inactive

A

true

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17
Q

what do thyroid hormones bind to in blood ciruclation

A
  • Thyroxin-binding globulin (TBG)
  • thyroxine-binding pre-almbumin
  • thyroxine-binding albumin
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18
Q

what is the principle thyroid hormone carrier protein

A

TBG (thyroxine binding globulin)

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19
Q

what forms of T3 and T4 are active

A

free forms

20
Q

which thyroid hormone is more potent, T3 or T4

A

T3
- 4-5 times more potent

21
Q

name the disorder:
low to none T3 or T4, increased TSH

A

hypothyroidism

22
Q

name the disorder:
T3 and T4 increases, low TSH

A

hyperthyroidism

23
Q

what is the most useful test for assessing thyroid function

A

TSH

24
Q

describe subclinical hypothyroidism

A

TSH minimally increased, FT4 in normal range

25
Q

describe subclinical hyperthyroidism

A

low TSH, normal FT4

26
Q

what impacts T4 levels the most

A

alteration in thyroid hormone-binding proteins WITHOUT representing true clinical thyroid dysfunction

27
Q

how much T3 is made from originally secreted T3

A

20%
the other 80% is from converted T4

28
Q

how many atoms of iodine are attached to T3

A

3 atoms of iodine

29
Q

describe Ft4

A

able to enter tissues = active fraction

30
Q

describe FT3

A

present in low numbers - not measured as much
-> increased in hyperthyroidism

31
Q

describe thyroglobulin antibody testing

A

leakage of thyroglobulin Ab into blood stream is measured for autoimmune hypothyroidism

32
Q

describe thyroperoxidase antibody test

A

TPO Ab activate compliment in hypothyroidism
- early indicatory

33
Q

describe thyrotropin receptor antibody test

A

bind TSH receptor to stimulat thyroid gland independent of TSH

present in all forms of autoimme thyrotoxicosis

34
Q

describe grave’s disease

A
  • autoimmune hyperthyroidism
  • antibodies bind TSH receptor to stimulate thyroid gland
  • TSH independent release of thyroid hormones
35
Q

describe hashimoto’s thyroiditis

A
  • autoimmune hypothyroidism
  • antibodies destroy thyroid glands
  • increased amount TPO antibodies
36
Q

name the disorder
- T4: decrease
- T3: decrease
- FT4: decrease
- TSH incerease

A

primary hypothyroidism

37
Q

name the disorder
- T4: decrease
- T3: decrease
- FT4: decrease
- TSH: decrease

A

secondary hypothyroidism

38
Q

name the disorder
- T4: increase
- T3: increase
- FT4: increase
- TSH: decrease

A

primary hyperthyroidism

39
Q

nuclear medicine evaluation

radioactive iodine

A
  • measures metabolic activty of thyroid gland based on radioactive iodine take up
  • iodine is necessary for thyroid hormone formation = measuring amount taken reflects amount made
40
Q

thyroid ultrasound

A

nodule detection

41
Q

fine needle aspiration

A

evaluation of thyroid nodules (cellular structures) in absence of hyperthyroidism

42
Q

what is the most common disorder of the thyroid gland

A

hypothyroidism

43
Q

describe thyrotoxicosis

A

peripheral tissues are presented with (and respond to) excess of thyroid hormone

44
Q

describe symptoms of Grave’s disease

A
  • thyrotoxicosis
  • goiter
  • big eyes
  • orange peel skin
45
Q

describe toxic adenoma and multinodular goiter

A

caused by autonomously functioning thyroid tissue (acts w/o TSH)
present hyperthyroidism

46
Q

describe amiodarone-induced thyroid disease

A
  • high levels of iodine in drug
  • causes inhibiton of thyroid hormone production
  • can cause hypothyroidism that overcorrects to hyperthyroidism
  • drug treats cardiac arrythmias
47
Q

describe subacute thyroiditis

A

inflammation of the thyroid gland, leakage of stored thyroid hormone and repair of the gland

Clinical Chem 2 (25 decks)

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