exam 1 old qs (final study) Flashcards
a patient has the following thyroid profile:
- decreased total T4
- decreased free T4
- positive thyroid peroxidase Ab
- increased TSH
what is the most likely scenario
- idiopathic hyperparathyroidism
- hashimotos- thyroiditis
- normal
- graves
hashimotos thyroiditis
- autoimmune hypothyroidism
- destruction of thyroid gland
the primary serum test to screen for thyroid disease is
- TSH
- FT4
- reverse T3
- total T4
TSH
what is the major carrier protein of the thyroid hormones in the blood
- albumin
- thyroxine binding pre-albumin
- thyroxine binding globulin
- thyroglobulin
thyroxine binding globuline
what is the most likely diagnosis if:
TSH increase
T4 decreased
hypothyroidism
what is the most likely diagnosis if:
TSH decrease
T4 normal
subclinical hyperthyroidism
what is the most likely diagnosis if:
TSH decrease
T4 increase
hyperthyroidism
what is the most likely diagnosis if:
TSH increase
T4 normal
subclinical hypothyroidism
Once synthesized, the thyroid hormones are stored in what area of the thyroid gland?
- epithelical cell wall of the follicle
- lumina of the follicle
- isthus of the thyroid gland
- extracellular space of the thyroid gland
lumina of the follicle
how is the majority of reverse T3 made
- monodeiondination of T4 in peripheral tissue
- monodeiondination of T3 in peripheral tissue
- from T3 in thyroid gland
- from thyroglobulin in thyroid gland
monodeiodination of T4 in peripheral tissue
true or false
the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland secrete calcitonin
true
true or false
T3 and T4 are more physiologically active than Ft3 and FT4
true
the most common cause of hyperthyroidism is
- hashimoto’s
- grave’s
- pituitary tumor
- radiation therapy
grave’s
true or false
an effective way to see if the thyroid galnd is metabolically active is with a nuclear medicine evalutation
true
the most common critical problem encountered with pre-term delivery is Respiratory Distress Syndrome
true
Acetylcholinesterase is NOT diagnostic for
- anencephaly
- trisomy 21
- open spina bifida
- abdominal wall defects
trisomy 21
which test is a valuable first trimester screening test
- pragnancy associated plasma protein A
- fetal fibronectin
- maternal alpha fetoprotein
- multiples of median
pregnancy associated plasma protein A
what is produced by the embryonic yolk sac and also the fetal liver
- inhibin A
- acetylcholinesterase
- unconjugated estriol
- alphafetoprotein
alpha fetoprotein
HCG is structually similar to which hormone
- TSH
- FT4
- cortisol
ACTH
TSH
which of the following increases during pregnancy
- protein catabolism
- plasma volume
- calcium
- iron
plasma volume
a cluster of cells once implantation occurs is called a:
- zygote
- embryo
- blastocyte
- fetus
embryo
during pregnancy, in the second trimester HCG levels ___
- increase
- return to pre-pregnancy levels
- decrease
decrease
A laboratory measures maternal serum AFP (MS-AFP) at 16-18 weeks gestation as a screen for fetal disorders. The 16 week MS-AFP median is 32 mg/L and a 37 year old woman has a MS-AFP level of 34 mg/L. This result is consistent with:
- normal MS-AFP level for 16 wk gestation
- possible neural tube defects, including spina bifida
- possible multiple birth
- possible trisomy disorder, including downs
normal for 16wks
which of the following is not quantified in the triple test for down syndrome
- AFP
- unconjugated estriol
- progesterone
- hcg
progesterone
A pregnant patient presents to her OB/GYN in the first trimester of pregnancy with abnormal ultrasound readings, normal hCG, and AFP values of 8 MoM (normal is <2 MoM). Based on this evidence, what is most likely manifesting in the fetus?
- neural tube defects
0 trisomy abnormalities like down
- normal
- none of the above
neural tube defects
true or false
the major growth factor induced by growth hormone is IGF-2
false
- IGF-1
what common substrate is used in the biosynthesis of adrenal steroids, including androgens and estrogens
- cortisol
- catecholamines
- progesterone
- cholesterol
cholesterol
what horone acts as an inhibiting hormone to growth hormone
- dopamine
- IGF-1
- somatostatin
- inhibin
somatostati
which of the following hormones can stimulate the production and release of TSH
- dopamine
- ACTH
- GH
- none of the above
none of the above
- TRH stimulates TSH
- TSH stimulates T4
- T4 is deiondinated to T3
name the tissue of origin for ACTH
anterior pituirary
name the tissue of origin for: aldosterone
adrenal cortex
name the tissue of origin for: epinephrine
adrenal medulla
name the tissue of origin for: FSH
anterior pituitary
name the tissue of origin for: cortisol
adrenal cortex
name the tissue of origin for: arginine vasopressin
posterior pituitary
name the tissue of origin for: growth hormone
anterior pituitary
name the tissue of origin for: GnRH
hypothalamus
name the tissue of origin for: dopamine
adrenal medulla
name the tissue of origin for: T3
thyroid gland
which of the following hormones inhibits GH and TSH
- dopamine
- somatostatin
- GHRH
- corticotropic releasing hormone
somatostain
name the tissue acted on by: TRH
pituitary
name the tissue acted on by TSH
thyroid
name the tissue acted on by: ACTH
adrenal gland
name the tissue acted on by: LH
gonads
what is the only neuroendocrine signal that inhibits prolactin
- dopamin
- GH
- IGF-1
- epinephrine
dopamine
____ failure of an endocrine gland is accompanied by dramatic increases in circulating levels of the corresponding pituitary tropic hormone
- primary
- secondary
- tertiarty
primary
which os not a cause of hypopituitarism
- trauma
- infection
- idiopathic
- surgery
- all are corrected
all are correct
the major action of ____ is to regulate free water excretion
- oxytocin
- dopamine
- AVP
- prolactin
AVP
name the mojor hormone of Zona glomerulosa in the adrenal cortex
aldosterone
name the major hormone of Zona reticularis
androgens
name the major hormone of Zona fisculata
cortisol
A person who has features that includes: narrow shoulders, poor muscle development, longer legs, and an extra X chromosome would be diagnosed with:
- turner
- klinefelter
0 hirsutism
- hashimotos
klinefelter
____ has a surge during the luteal phase of a menstrual cycle
- FSH
- LH
- testosterone
- progesterone
progesterone
which of the followng tissues does not secrete steroid hormones
- ovaries
- pituitary gland
- testes
- adrenal cortex
pituirary gland
name the hormone that matches the description:
converts glycogen to glucose
- epinephrin
- norepinephrin
- dopamin
epinephrin
name the hormone that matches the description:
affects vascular smooth muscle and heart
- epinephrine
0 norepinephrine - dopamine
norepinephrine
name the hormone that matches the description:
neurotransmitter in the brain affecting the vascular system
- epinephrine
- norepinephrin
- dopamine
dopamine
A physician of reproductive endocrinology and infertility would like to determine when a patient ovulates. The physician orders serial assays of plasma progesterone. From these assays, how can the physician recognize when ovulation occurs?
- right before ovulaton, progesterone rapidly increases
- after ovulation progesterone rapidly decreases
- after ovulation progesterone rapidly increases
- gradula steady increase throughout cycle
after ovulation, rapid increase
An 83 year old male subject with low testosterone will see an increase in which anterior pituitary hormone?
- LH
- GH
- prolactin
- ACTH
LH
Plasma for cortisol determinations were collected at 7am, after waking the patient, and at 10pm that evening. The cortisol level for both morning and evening samples were well below the reference range for the specified times. This is consistent with:
- normal
- cushings
- addisons
- hyperpituitarysm
addisons
homovanillic acid is the metabolite of ___
- dopamine
- norepinephrine
- epinephrine
- vanillylmandelic acid
dopamine
the major action of angiotensin II:
- increaed adrenal secretion of aldosterone
- increased pituitary secretion of vasopressin
- decreased adrenal secretion of aldosterone
- increased secretion of thyroid hormone
increased adrenal secretion of aldosterone
A person with symptoms that include: easy bruising, hypertension, increased cortisol, decreased ACTH, and weight gain in the face and abdomen, are likely to be diagnosed with:
- addisons
- conns
- grave’s
- cushing’s
cushings
A 37 year old patient presents with low ACTH and low cortisol. What hormone replacement therapy is indicated?
- glucocorticoids
- mineralcorticoids
glucocorticoids
Rare catecholamine secreting benign tumor arising from chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla, causes increased levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine.
- medulloma
- adenoma
- adrenocarcinoma
- pheochromocytoma
pheochromocytoma
