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Clinical Chem 2 > exam 1 old qs (final study) > Flashcards

exam 1 old qs (final study) Flashcards

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1
Q

a patient has the following thyroid profile:
- decreased total T4
- decreased free T4
- positive thyroid peroxidase Ab
- increased TSH

what is the most likely scenario
- idiopathic hyperparathyroidism
- hashimotos- thyroiditis
- normal
- graves

A

hashimotos thyroiditis
- autoimmune hypothyroidism
- destruction of thyroid gland

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2
Q

the primary serum test to screen for thyroid disease is
- TSH
- FT4
- reverse T3
- total T4

A

TSH

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3
Q

what is the major carrier protein of the thyroid hormones in the blood
- albumin
- thyroxine binding pre-albumin
- thyroxine binding globulin
- thyroglobulin

A

thyroxine binding globuline

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4
Q

what is the most likely diagnosis if:
TSH increase
T4 decreased

A

hypothyroidism

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5
Q

what is the most likely diagnosis if:
TSH decrease
T4 normal

A

subclinical hyperthyroidism

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6
Q

what is the most likely diagnosis if:
TSH decrease
T4 increase

A

hyperthyroidism

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7
Q

what is the most likely diagnosis if:
TSH increase
T4 normal

A

subclinical hypothyroidism

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8
Q

Once synthesized, the thyroid hormones are stored in what area of the thyroid gland?
- epithelical cell wall of the follicle
- lumina of the follicle
- isthus of the thyroid gland
- extracellular space of the thyroid gland

A

lumina of the follicle

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9
Q

how is the majority of reverse T3 made
- monodeiondination of T4 in peripheral tissue
- monodeiondination of T3 in peripheral tissue
- from T3 in thyroid gland
- from thyroglobulin in thyroid gland

A

monodeiodination of T4 in peripheral tissue

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10
Q

true or false
the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland secrete calcitonin

A

true

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11
Q

true or false
T3 and T4 are more physiologically active than Ft3 and FT4

A

true

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12
Q

the most common cause of hyperthyroidism is
- hashimoto’s
- grave’s
- pituitary tumor
- radiation therapy

A

grave’s

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13
Q

true or false
an effective way to see if the thyroid galnd is metabolically active is with a nuclear medicine evalutation

A

true

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14
Q

the most common critical problem encountered with pre-term delivery is Respiratory Distress Syndrome

A

true

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15
Q

Acetylcholinesterase is NOT diagnostic for
- anencephaly
- trisomy 21
- open spina bifida
- abdominal wall defects

A

trisomy 21

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16
Q

which test is a valuable first trimester screening test
- pragnancy associated plasma protein A
- fetal fibronectin
- maternal alpha fetoprotein
- multiples of median

A

pregnancy associated plasma protein A

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17
Q

what is produced by the embryonic yolk sac and also the fetal liver
- inhibin A
- acetylcholinesterase
- unconjugated estriol
- alphafetoprotein

A

alpha fetoprotein

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18
Q

HCG is structually similar to which hormone
- TSH
- FT4
- cortisol
ACTH

A

TSH

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19
Q

which of the following increases during pregnancy
- protein catabolism
- plasma volume
- calcium
- iron

A

plasma volume

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20
Q

a cluster of cells once implantation occurs is called a:
- zygote
- embryo
- blastocyte
- fetus

A

embryo

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21
Q

during pregnancy, in the second trimester HCG levels ___
- increase
- return to pre-pregnancy levels
- decrease

A

decrease

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22
Q

A laboratory measures maternal serum AFP (MS-AFP) at 16-18 weeks gestation as a screen for fetal disorders. The 16 week MS-AFP median is 32 mg/L and a 37 year old woman has a MS-AFP level of 34 mg/L. This result is consistent with:
- normal MS-AFP level for 16 wk gestation
- possible neural tube defects, including spina bifida
- possible multiple birth
- possible trisomy disorder, including downs

A

normal for 16wks

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23
Q

which of the following is not quantified in the triple test for down syndrome
- AFP
- unconjugated estriol
- progesterone
- hcg

A

progesterone

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24
Q

A pregnant patient presents to her OB/GYN in the first trimester of pregnancy with abnormal ultrasound readings, normal hCG, and AFP values of 8 MoM (normal is <2 MoM). Based on this evidence, what is most likely manifesting in the fetus?
- neural tube defects
0 trisomy abnormalities like down
- normal
- none of the above

A

neural tube defects

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25
Q

true or false
the major growth factor induced by growth hormone is IGF-2

A

false
- IGF-1

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26
Q

what common substrate is used in the biosynthesis of adrenal steroids, including androgens and estrogens
- cortisol
- catecholamines
- progesterone
- cholesterol

A

cholesterol

27
Q

what horone acts as an inhibiting hormone to growth hormone
- dopamine
- IGF-1
- somatostatin
- inhibin

A

somatostati

28
Q

which of the following hormones can stimulate the production and release of TSH
- dopamine
- ACTH
- GH
- none of the above

A

none of the above
- TRH stimulates TSH
- TSH stimulates T4
- T4 is deiondinated to T3

29
Q

name the tissue of origin for ACTH

A

anterior pituirary

30
Q

name the tissue of origin for: aldosterone

A

adrenal cortex

31
Q

name the tissue of origin for: epinephrine

A

adrenal medulla

32
Q

name the tissue of origin for: FSH

A

anterior pituitary

33
Q

name the tissue of origin for: cortisol

A

adrenal cortex

34
Q

name the tissue of origin for: arginine vasopressin

A

posterior pituitary

35
Q

name the tissue of origin for: growth hormone

A

anterior pituitary

36
Q

name the tissue of origin for: GnRH

A

hypothalamus

37
Q

name the tissue of origin for: dopamine

A

adrenal medulla

38
Q

name the tissue of origin for: T3

A

thyroid gland

39
Q

which of the following hormones inhibits GH and TSH
- dopamine
- somatostatin
- GHRH
- corticotropic releasing hormone

A

somatostain

40
Q

name the tissue acted on by: TRH

A

pituitary

41
Q

name the tissue acted on by TSH

A

thyroid

42
Q

name the tissue acted on by: ACTH

A

adrenal gland

43
Q

name the tissue acted on by: LH

A

gonads

44
Q

what is the only neuroendocrine signal that inhibits prolactin
- dopamin
- GH
- IGF-1
- epinephrine

A

dopamine

45
Q

____ failure of an endocrine gland is accompanied by dramatic increases in circulating levels of the corresponding pituitary tropic hormone
- primary
- secondary
- tertiarty

A

primary

46
Q

which os not a cause of hypopituitarism
- trauma
- infection
- idiopathic
- surgery
- all are corrected

A

all are correct

47
Q

the major action of ____ is to regulate free water excretion
- oxytocin
- dopamine
- AVP
- prolactin

A

AVP

48
Q

name the mojor hormone of Zona glomerulosa in the adrenal cortex

A

aldosterone

49
Q

name the major hormone of Zona reticularis

A

androgens

50
Q

name the major hormone of Zona fisculata

A

cortisol

51
Q

A person who has features that includes: narrow shoulders, poor muscle development, longer legs, and an extra X chromosome would be diagnosed with:
- turner
- klinefelter
0 hirsutism
- hashimotos

A

klinefelter

52
Q

____ has a surge during the luteal phase of a menstrual cycle
- FSH
- LH
- testosterone
- progesterone

A

progesterone

53
Q

which of the followng tissues does not secrete steroid hormones
- ovaries
- pituitary gland
- testes
- adrenal cortex

A

pituirary gland

54
Q

name the hormone that matches the description:
converts glycogen to glucose

  • epinephrin
  • norepinephrin
  • dopamin
A

epinephrin

55
Q

name the hormone that matches the description:
affects vascular smooth muscle and heart

  • epinephrine
    0 norepinephrine
  • dopamine
A

norepinephrine

56
Q

name the hormone that matches the description:
neurotransmitter in the brain affecting the vascular system

  • epinephrine
  • norepinephrin
  • dopamine
A

dopamine

57
Q

A physician of reproductive endocrinology and infertility would like to determine when a patient ovulates. The physician orders serial assays of plasma progesterone. From these assays, how can the physician recognize when ovulation occurs?
- right before ovulaton, progesterone rapidly increases
- after ovulation progesterone rapidly decreases
- after ovulation progesterone rapidly increases
- gradula steady increase throughout cycle

A

after ovulation, rapid increase

58
Q

An 83 year old male subject with low testosterone will see an increase in which anterior pituitary hormone?
- LH
- GH
- prolactin
- ACTH

A

LH

59
Q

Plasma for cortisol determinations were collected at 7am, after waking the patient, and at 10pm that evening. The cortisol level for both morning and evening samples were well below the reference range for the specified times. This is consistent with:
- normal
- cushings
- addisons
- hyperpituitarysm

A

addisons

60
Q

homovanillic acid is the metabolite of ___
- dopamine
- norepinephrine
- epinephrine
- vanillylmandelic acid

A

dopamine

61
Q

the major action of angiotensin II:
- increaed adrenal secretion of aldosterone
- increased pituitary secretion of vasopressin
- decreased adrenal secretion of aldosterone
- increased secretion of thyroid hormone

A

increased adrenal secretion of aldosterone

62
Q

A person with symptoms that include: easy bruising, hypertension, increased cortisol, decreased ACTH, and weight gain in the face and abdomen, are likely to be diagnosed with:
- addisons
- conns
- grave’s
- cushing’s

A

cushings

63
Q

A 37 year old patient presents with low ACTH and low cortisol. What hormone replacement therapy is indicated?
- glucocorticoids
- mineralcorticoids

A

glucocorticoids

64
Q

Rare catecholamine secreting benign tumor arising from chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla, causes increased levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine.
- medulloma
- adenoma
- adrenocarcinoma
- pheochromocytoma

A

pheochromocytoma

Clinical Chem 2 (25 decks)

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