thyroid cancer Flashcards
more common in women or men?
women
the ONLY risk factor?
radiation
how does it present?
enlarging lump in the thyroid gland
why do you get symptoms?
compression of structures
what symptoms do you get?
dysphagia
SOB
facial swelling
why do you get facial swelling ?
vena cava obstruction
by far the most common thyroid cancer?
papillary (ENTlec)
what age of patients get this?
20-30
histological features?
orphan annie nuclei (papped)
psammoma bodies
how does papillary spread
lymphatic
prognosis of papillary?
good (95% are confined to neck)
what kind of cancer if follicular?
differentiated
second most common type of thyroid cancer?
follicular
what age of patients get follicular cancer?
older >50
how does follicular spread?
blood
prognosis of follicular?
good
malignancy of the para-follicular cells?
medullary cacner (para Military)
which cancer can be seen in the context of MEN syndromes/
meduallary
what is used as a marker in recurrence or metastases in medullary cancer? think what para follicular cells produce
calcitonin
thyroid lymphoma is almost always associated with ?
underlying autoimmune thyroid disease, usually hashimotos
can develop as isolated thyroid lymphoma or as part of a more extensive lymphoma, usually non-hodgkins
can only be treated with radio or chemotherapy
undifferentiated, fast growing, destructive and aggressive tumour of thyroid
anaplastic
usually present as a hard, craggy mass?
anaplastic
anaplatic - how does it spread an what is the prognosis?
spreads by haematological - prognosis poor
what is the gold standard investigation for thyroid cancer?
US guided FNA
what is the treatment of thyroid cancer?
thyroidectomy + radio ablation
radio ablation associated with small risk of?
acute myeloid leukaemia
