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endocrine > thyroid cancer > Flashcards

thyroid cancer Flashcards

1
Q

more common in women or men?

A

women

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2
Q

the ONLY risk factor?

A

radiation

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3
Q

how does it present?

A

enlarging lump in the thyroid gland

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4
Q

why do you get symptoms?

A

compression of structures

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5
Q

what symptoms do you get?

A

dysphagia
SOB
facial swelling

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6
Q

why do you get facial swelling ?

A

vena cava obstruction

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7
Q

by far the most common thyroid cancer?

A

papillary (ENTlec)

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8
Q

what age of patients get this?

A

20-30

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9
Q

histological features?

A

orphan annie nuclei (papped)

psammoma bodies

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10
Q

how does papillary spread

A

lymphatic

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11
Q

prognosis of papillary?

A

good (95% are confined to neck)

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12
Q

what kind of cancer if follicular?

A

differentiated

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13
Q

second most common type of thyroid cancer?

A

follicular

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14
Q

what age of patients get follicular cancer?

A

older >50

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15
Q

how does follicular spread?

A

blood

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16
Q

prognosis of follicular?

A

good

17
Q

malignancy of the para-follicular cells?

A

medullary cacner (para Military)

18
Q

which cancer can be seen in the context of MEN syndromes/

A

meduallary

19
Q

what is used as a marker in recurrence or metastases in medullary cancer? think what para follicular cells produce

A

calcitonin

20
Q

thyroid lymphoma is almost always associated with ?

A

underlying autoimmune thyroid disease, usually hashimotos

21
Q

can develop as isolated thyroid lymphoma or as part of a more extensive lymphoma, usually non-hodgkins

A

can only be treated with radio or chemotherapy

22
Q

undifferentiated, fast growing, destructive and aggressive tumour of thyroid

A

anaplastic

23
Q

usually present as a hard, craggy mass?

A

anaplastic

24
Q

anaplatic - how does it spread an what is the prognosis?

A

spreads by haematological - prognosis poor

25
Q

what is the gold standard investigation for thyroid cancer?

A

US guided FNA

26
Q

what is the treatment of thyroid cancer?

A

thyroidectomy + radio ablation

27
Q

radio ablation associated with small risk of?

A

acute myeloid leukaemia

endocrine (27 decks)

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