Thyroid And TSH

Question 1

What is the Thyroid gland?

Answer 1

It is one of the largest highly vascular endocrine glands

Question 2

What is the histology of the thyroid gland?

Answer 2

It has follicles,and parafollicular cells that secrete calcitonin

Question 3

What is the purpose of calcitonin?

Answer 3

Reduces calcium concentration in body fluids when levels of Ca are elevated

Question 4

What are the two lobes of the thyroid gland connected by?

Answer 4

The isthmus which is in front of the trachea

Question 5

What do the follicular cells of the thyroid gland secrete?

Answer 5

Thyroglobulin

Question 6

What is thyroglobulin composed of?

Answer 6

Thyroxine and diiodothyronine

Question 7

What are some follicular cells associated with?

Answer 7

C cells which are at the basement membrane of the follicles

Question 8

What do the thyroid hormones include?

Answer 8

Triiodothyronine and Thyroxine

Question 9

What happens yo the thyroid hormones?

Answer 9

They are transported in the blood and bind with intracellular receptor molecules and initiate new protein synthesis and increase rate of glucose,fat and protein metabolism in many tissues

Question 10

What is the source of T3(Triiodothyronine)?

Answer 10

The thyroid gland and the conversion of T4 to T3,enzymes in the liver,kidneys and other tissues

Question 11

What is the purpose of T3?

Answer 11

It mediates the effects of thyroid hormone on peripheral tissues and exerts negative feedback on the pituitary gland and hypothalamus

Question 12

What are the effects of Thyroid hormones?

Answer 12

Regulation of metabolism
Growth and Development
The neuronal system

Question 13

How does TH regulate the metabolism?

Answer 13

It stimulates carbohydrate and lipid catabolism
Increases rate of protein synthesis
Increases the Basal metabolic rate
Increases the number of mitochondria
Increases the membrane transport activity

Question 14

What is the calorigenic effect?

Answer 14

Heat realesed by the Basal metabolic rate which will cause an increase in body temperature

Question 15

How does TH affect growth and development?

Answer 15

Regulates tissue growth and development in children
Together with the GH,TH will accelerate body growth

Question 16

How does TH affect the neuronal system?

Answer 16

It will increase blood flow,heart beat,blood pressure,the motility of the GIT and nervousness increases
TH assists in development and myelination of neurons

Question 17

What happens when there’s a shortage of TH?

Answer 17

Fewer and smaller defective myelination of neurons and mental retardation

Question 18

What causes hypothyroidism?

Answer 18

Iodine deficiency

Question 19

What causes secondary hypothyroidism?

Answer 19

Low concentrations of TSH from the anterior pituitary or hypothalamic TRH deficiency

Question 20

What us Cretinism?

Answer 20

Inadequate skeletal and nervous development and metabolic rate below normal levels

Question 21

What are some symptoms of hyperthyroidism?

Answer 21

Weight loss
Rapid heart rate
Bp increase and HR increases
Shifts in mood

Question 22

What is Graves disease?

Answer 22

Goiter and protruding eyes due to excess hormone caused by TSI

Question 23

What is thyroid stimulating immunogloubulins?

Answer 23

An antibody that acts like TSH