Shock Flashcards
What happens to the Cardiovascular system during hemorrhage:Short term?
It will adjust to maintain blood pressure and peripheral flow
What happens to the Cardiovascular system during hemorrhage:Long term?
It will adjust to restore blood volume
What happens during a short term elevation of the blood pressure?
In the carotid and aortic reflexes-it will increase the Cardiac output therefore heart rate increases and peripheral vasoconstruction occurs
What happens when there’s a combination of stress and anxiety when hemorrhaging short term?
It will stimulate the sympathetic nervous system in hypothalamus causing the vasomotor tone increases,further raising the BP and then vasoconstruction of the arteries
What are the short term hormonal effects?
Sympathetic stimulation will cause the adrenal medullae to release Epinephrine and Norepinephrine and thus will cause and increase in blood flow and peripheral vasoconstriction
ADH and angiotensin II will be stimulated for long term responses and enhance the vasoconstriction
-if compensatory mechanisms don’t work then shock will follow
What is the long term restoration of Blood Volume?
Capillary recall into interstitial spaces
Aldesterone and ADH will promote fluid retention and reabsorption from the kidneys
The Erythropeitin will stimulate the RBC production in the bone marrow
Thirst is induced and digestive tract will absorb extra water
How does shock develop?
Failure to restore blood pressure
How does shock occur?
When alot of the blood volume is lost in the circulatory system
And when the vascular system fails to hold the fluid portion of blood
And Vasodilation of the blood vessels which will disturb the osmotic balance
What are the stages of shock?
Non progressive -Circlutory compensation mechanisms can cause recovery
Progressive -Without therapy can cause death
Irreversible-where any form of therapy is inadequate to recovery and save a life
What can the management be in the non progressive stage?
Giving O2,fluids,Norepinephrine which will stimulate the Vasoconstriction and increase Cardiac Output
Or shock caused by a disease could treat the disease first
What are types of shock?
Hypovolemic
Respiratory
Psychogenic
Cardiogenic
Septic
Anaphylatic
Metabolic
What is hypovolemic shock?
Could have resulted from trauma due to blood loss
Blood volume decrease
There is a decrease in O2 transported to the body to tissues therefore the blood pressure will also decrease
What is respiratory shock?
When there’s a decrease O2 supply to the lungs and to circulating blood
Results in a pneumothorax or injury to resp center
What is a neurogenic shock?
Insufficient o2 transported to body
Decreased BP
All due to the overall dilation of blood vessels
What is psychogenic shock?
Also known as syncope (fainting)
When there’s a temporary dilation of the blood vessels therefore decreasing blood flow to the brain
