Thyroid Flashcards
What is the cause of cremetism?
When the mother has severe hypothyroid while pregnant
In the first ___ weeks of life maternal thyroid is crucial to foetal development
20
At what point in development does the thyroglossal duct break down?
Week 5
How are babies screened for thyroid abnormalities?
Heel prick
Which structures lie posterior to the thyroid?
Recurrent laryngeal nerve and tracheal cartilage rings 2 and 3
Which structure lies to the left of the thyroid?
Oesophagus
What is the innervation to the thyroid?
ANS
What are two dietary sources of iodine?
Salt and fish
____ is a drug that specifically inhibits thyroid peroxidase
Carbimazole
In presence of _____ Iodide in colloid attaches to tyrosine residues of thyroglobulin precursor
Hydrogen Peroxide
Iodine brought into the cell via the _______
NIS (Sodium Iodide symporter)
What are the major sites of metabolism of T3 and T4?
Liver and Kidneys
In a patient with thyrotoxicosis:
T3 is elevated/depressed
T4 is elevated/depressed
TSH is elevated/depressed
T3 is elevated
T4 is elevated
TSH is depressed
What will be elevated in the blood test of a patient with thyroiditis?
Thyroglobulin
What is the biomarker for medullary thyroid cancer?
Calcitonin
Why might T3 be elevated and TSH lowered in pregnant patients?
HCG structurally similar to TSH, causes stimulation of TSH receptors
What are the symptoms of thyrotoxicosis?
- Nervousness, increased sweating
- Weight loss
- Heat sensitivity
- Tachycardia
- Weakness
What are the signs of thyrotoxicosis?
- Bruit over thyroid
- Goitre
- Tremor
- Eye signs
Which clinical finding is classic for Grave’s disease?
Big goitre + bruit
What are the eye signs for Grave’s disease?
- Lids retracted
- Hyperextension of eyebrows
- Periorbital oedema
- Redness of eyes
A patients blood test shows:
- Elevated TSH
- Low T4
- +ve TPO antibodies
Which pathology could be indicated?
Hashimoto’s disease
What are symptoms of Hashimoto’s disease?
- Weight gain
- Cold
- Hair loss and dry skin
- Constipation
- Tired
- Oedema
What is a consequence of taking amiodarone?
Amiodarone induced hyperthryoid
One tablet is approx. 3 months worth of iodine
