Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Reproduction, Development and Ageing > Axis Clinical Sessions > Flashcards

Axis Clinical Sessions Flashcards

1
Q

Irregular menstrual cycles are usually due to irregular _____

A

Ovulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Dopamine has a negative feedback on the anterior pituitary to inhibit ____ secretion

A

Prolactin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which drugs might cause elevated prolactin levels in a patient?

A

Psychotropic drugs e.g. haloperidol, stelazine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which drugs are used to treat a prolactinoma?

A

Bromocriptine or cabergoline (dopamine agonists)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Treatment of prolactinoma

Bromocriptine or cabergoline should be introduced slowly, starting with a ___mg tablet per day

A

1.25

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How do you manage hypothalamic amenorrhoea?

A
  • Counselling
  • Hormone therapy
  • Regular follow up
  • Review when considering starting a family
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

To assess ovulation you would measure progestagin on day ___ of the 28 day cycle

A

21

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

To assess ovulation you would measure FSH/oestradiol on day ___ of the 28 day cycle

A

3 (2-4)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a hysteroalpingogram?

A

An x-ray where you can see the outline of the uterine cavity and tubes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the definition of Premature Ovarian Insufficiency (POI) ?

A

Ovarian insufficiency leading to amenorrhea in women before age 40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the triad of symptoms seen in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)?

A
  • Amenorrhoea
  • Obseity
  • Hirstuism

(And enlarged ovaries)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Gold standard diagonsis of PCOS is:

____-ovulation
Clinical and/or biochemical evidence of ______
Polycystic ovaries on ultrasound (>= ___ small peripheral follicles on each ovary)

A
  • Oligo-ovulation and/or anovulation
  • Clinical and/or biochemical evidence of hyperandrogenism
  • Polycystic ovaries on ultrasound (>= 12 small peripheral follicles on each ovary)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the hormonal abnormality that causes the symptoms of PCOS?

A

Imbalance between LH and FSH leading to follicular arrest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Obesity increases peripheral conversion of androgens to oestrogens, increasing the negative feedback on ____ increasing the ____ ratio

A

FSH

LH:FSH ratio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hyperinsulinemia increases ___ pulses and favours ___ over ____

A

GnRH

FSH over LH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are some clinical features of PCOS?

A
  • Hair loss on the scalp
  • Hirstuism
  • Acne
  • Acanthosis nigracans
  • Obesity
  • Male pattern hair growth
17
Q

A polycystic ovary has ___ volume and ___ number of ovarian follicles

A

Increased

Increased

18
Q

What is the most common cause of anovulation?

A

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)

19
Q

Which demographic with PCOS is more predisposed to metabolic sequelae?

A

Maori and Pacific women

20
Q

What is the mechanism of clomiphene citrate?

A

Anti-oestrogen -> increased FSH -> normal follicular maturation -> ovulation

21
Q

Women with PCOS starting on clomiphene citrate should take one tablet for __ days of each cycle (start day 2 or day 5), usually start at __mg

A

5

25

22
Q

Women with PCOS starting on metformin should take ___ tablets daily starting at __mg

A

1-3

250

23
Q

What is the mechanism of surgery for PCOS?

A
  • Removal of androgen producing tissue

- LH and androgen levels fall following procedure

24
Q

What could be a consequence of anovulation?

A

Excessive proliferation of the endometrium -> endometrial thickening and hyperplasia (endometrial cancer)

25
Q

Why is endometrial biopsy important with an extended period of anovulation?

A
  • Exclude endometrial hyperplasia
26
Q

Under __ % of atypical hyperplasia will progress to cancer and up to __% of atypical hyperplasia has co-existent cancer

A

25

50

27
Q

How do you manage anovulation?

A
  • Induce a withdrawal bleed every 4-6 weeks (progestogen tablets)

OR

  • Prevent endometrial proliferation (hormonal treatments e.g. COCP, POP, Depo Provera, Mirena, IUS, Jadelle)
28
Q

What is the mechanism of mirena?

A
  • Releases a small amount of LNG to endometrium

- Keeps endometrium thin, prevents proliferation and hyperplasia

29
Q

Women with PCOS are at increased risk of developing ______

A

Metabolism syndrome

30
Q

What other co morbidities is it important to screen women with PCOS for?

A
  • Impaired glucose tolerance/diabetes
  • Hypercholesterolemia
  • CVD
  • Hypertension
31
Q

How do you manage premature ovarian insufficiency?

A
  • Counselling and psychological support
  • Refer fertility specialist
  • Menopausal hormonal therapy (if not wanting infertility)

Reproduction, Development and Ageing (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions