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reproduction, development and ageing > Postnatal Growth > Flashcards

Postnatal Growth Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four requirements of normal growth?

A
  • Good general health
  • Normal nutrition and genetics
  • Adequate nutrition
  • Caring environment
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2
Q

What are the three phases of growth?

A
  1. Infancy
  2. Childhood
  3. Puberty
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3
Q

What is the significance of GH in each of the 3 stages of growth?

A
  1. Infancy - less GH dependent
  2. Childhood - GH dependent
  3. Puberty - inc. GH release
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4
Q

In which growth phase is there constant annual growth?

A

Childhood

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5
Q

Humans follow a ___ gradient of growth

A

Cephalo-caudal

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6
Q

How do you calculate mid-parental height?

A

M (cm) + F (cm) +/- 13cm/2

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7
Q

A “normal” height velocity lies within the ____ centile

A

25th-75th

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8
Q

Why do boys enter into puberty later than girls?

A
  • Oestrogen primary driver of growth

- Boys convert testosterone to oestrogen so onset is later

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9
Q

What are important aspects of the history of a child with short stature?

A
  • Mother and fathers heights
  • FHx delayed puberty
  • Sibs child development records
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10
Q

What are the two growth disorders with normal height velocity?

A
  • Familial short stature

- Constitutional delay in growth and development

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11
Q

How do you differentiate familial short stature from constitutional delay in growth and development?

A
  • Delayed bone age

- Delayed puberty

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12
Q

Describe the secretion of growth hormone

A
  • Pulsatile with low baseline

- Primarily at night (stages III - IV sleep)

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13
Q

Growth hormone stimulates the production of ___ from the liver

A

IGF-I

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14
Q

Normal levels of ___ and normal ___ are essential for hepatic IGF-1 production

A

Insulin

Nutrition

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15
Q

What is the genetic basis for Laron Dwarf?

A

IGF1 receptor deficiency

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16
Q

What is the role of oestrogen in postnatal growth?

A

Epiphyseal maturation/closure in both sexes

17
Q

What role do T3/T4 play in postnatal growth?

A
  • Facilitatory role in growth
  • GH secretion
  • Growth plate development
18
Q

What are the important growth promoting hormones in the foetus?

A
  • IGF II
  • Insulin
  • PDGF, EGF, FGF
19
Q

What are the important growth promoting hormones in the child?

A
  • GH
  • IGF-1
  • T4/T3
20
Q

What are four proportionate short stature syndromes?

A
  • IUGR
  • Syndromes
  • Chronic illness
  • Psychosocial deprivation
21
Q

What are four disproportionate short stature syndromes?

A
  • Syndromes e.g. Turner
  • Hypothyroid
  • Skeletal dysplasia
22
Q

Which condition should be considered in all girls with unexplained short stature or height below MPH?

A

Turner Syndrome

23
Q

What is the commonest feature of Turner Syndrome?

A

Short for MPH

24
Q

How do you treat Turner Syndrome?

A

Growth Hormone

reproduction, development and ageing (26 decks)

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