Thrombotics Flashcards
Indirect thrombin inhibitors?
Unfractioned heparin, Dalteparin, Enoxaparin, Tinzaparin, Fondaparinux
Unfractionated heparin class and mxn?
Indirect thrombin inhibitor; Bind antithrombin and potentiate formation of antithrombin-coagulation factor complex (Xa, IIa)
Unfractionated for?
Prevention and tx of venous thromboembolism
Unfractionated heparin side effects?
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, bleeding, osteoporosis
How is unfractionated heparin monitored?
PTT: wasnt 2-2.5 normal value
How is unfractionated heparin given?
Parenterally
Reversal of unfractionated heparin effects?
Protamine
Protamine is an antidote for?
Unfractionated heparin, Dalteparin, Enoxaparin, Tinzaparin
Dalteparin class and mxn?
LMWH that inhibits thrombin less effectively than Xa
Dalteparin for?
Prevent thrombosis and embolism from clots
Dalteparin side effect?
Bleeding
How is dalteparin monitored?
Heparin assay (anti-factor Xa)
Dalteparin half-life?
Longer than heparin (1-2/day)
Reversal of dalteparin effects?
Protamine
Enoxaparin class and mxn?
LMWH that inhibits thrombin less effectively than Xa
Tinzaparin class and mxn?
LMWH that inhibits thrombin less effectively than Xa
Enoxaparin for?
Drug of choice in pregnancy for prevention and tx of venous thromboembolism
Side effects of enoxaparin?
HIT, bleeding. Osteoporosis and thrombocytopenia are uncommon
Enoxapain half-life?
Longer than heparin (1-2/day)
Tinzaparin half-life?
Longer than heparin (1-2/day)
How is enoxaparin monitored?
Heparin assay (anti-factor Xa)
How is tinzaparin monitored?
Heparin assay (anti-factor Xa)
Tinzaparin side effects?
HIT, bleeding. Osteoporosis and thrombocytopenia are uncommon
Fondaparinux class and mxn?
Indirect thrombin inhibitor; Synthetic polysaccharide that binds active site of antithrombin and inhibits Xa
Indirect thrombin inhibitor without an antidote?
Fondaparinux
Reversal of fondararinux effects?
No antidote
Fondaparinux for?
HIT
Fondaparinux side effect?
Bleeding
Warfarin class and mxn?
Vitamin K antagonist; Blocks Vit K-dependent gamma-carboxylaton of factors II, VII, IX, X, Protein C and S (does not affect already synthesized factors)
Warfarin for?
Long term anticoagulation
Warfarin side effects?
Thrombosis and warfarin skin necrosis (Relative Protein C depression); Bleeding
How is warfarin monitored?
PT/INR
Monitor ___ with PTT?
Heparin, Bivalirudin, Argatroban
Monitor ___ with PT/INR?
Warfarin
Warfarin contraindicate in who?
Pregnancy (teratogen)
Warfarin can be reversed how?
Vitamin K, factor concentrates
Special note about warfarin metabolism?
Enhanced by drugs that induce P450 activity (barbiturates)
Direct thrombin inhibitors?
Bivalirudin, Argatroban, Dabigatran
Bivalirudin class and mxn?
Direct thrombin inhibitor; Irreversibly inactivate fibrinogen-bound and unbound thrombin
Argatroban class and mxn?
Direct thrombin inhibitor; binds to catalytic site of thrombin and inactivates fibrinogen-bound and unbound thrombin
Dabigatran class and mxn?
Direct thrombin inhibitor; Reversibly (competitively) inactivate fibrinogen-bound and unbound thrombin
Reversible (Competitive) direct thrombin inhibitor?
Dabigatran
Irreversible direct thrombin inhibitors?
Bivalirudin, Argatroban
Bivalirudin for?
Percutaneous coronary intervention
Argatroban for?
Percutaneous coronary intervention + HIT
Dabigatran for?
DVT, PE, AFib
Bivalirudin side effect?
Bleeding
Argatroban side effect?
Bleeding
Dabigatran side effect?
Bleeding
Reversal of direct thrombin inhibitors?
No antidote
How is bivalirudin administered?
Parenterally
How is argatroban administered?
Parenterally
How is dabigatran administered?
Orally
Note about dabigatran clearance?
Renal fixed dose clearance
How is bivalirudin monitored?
PTT
How is argatroban monitored?
PTT
Direct Xa inhibitors?
Rivaroxaban, Apixaban
Rivaroxaban class and mxn?
Direct Xa inhibitor; reversibly bind active site of Xa
Apixaban class and mxn?
Direct Xa inhibitor; reversibly bind active site of Xa
Rivaroxaban for?
DVT PE prophylaxis
Apixaban for?
DVT PE prophylaxis
How are direct xa inhibitors administered?
Rivaroxaban and apixaban: Orally
Reversal of rivaroxaban and apixaban effects?
No antidote
Note on direct xa inhibitor clearance?
Rivaroxaban and apixaban: Renal fixed dose clearance
Fibrinolytic drugs?
Alteplase, Reteplase, Tenecteplase
Alteplase class and mxn?
Fibrinolytic, Lyse already formed clots by activating circulating plasminogen
Reteplase class and mxn?
Fibrinolytic, Lyse already formed clots by activating circulating plasminogen
Tenecteplase class and mxn?
Fibrinolytic, Lyse already formed clots by activating circulating plasminogen
Alteplase, reteplase, tenecteplase for?
Acute MI, acute stroke, central DVT, multiple PE
Antiplatelet drugs?
Aspirin, Dipyridamidole, Cloidogrel, Abciximab, Eptifibatide, Tirofiban
Remind me of aspirin class and mxn.
Antiplately; Irreversible inhibitor of platelets and prevent thromboxane A2 formation
Aspirin for?
Often as “baby” to prevent and treat MI and strok
Dipyridamole class and mxn?
Antiplatelet; PDE inhibitor –> Increase platelet cAMP
Dipyridamole for?
Weak antiplatelet effect
How is dipyridamole administered?
Parenterally
Clopidogrel class and mxn?
Antiplatelet; Inhibit platelet ADP receptor
Clopidogrel for?
Prevent and treat ACS, stroke, peripheral vascular disease, angina, stent
Reversal of clopidogrel?
Platelet transufion
Clopidogrel side effects?
Bleeding, TTP
Abciximab class and mxn?
Antiplatelet; mab against GPIIb/IIIa
How is abciximab given?
Parenterally
How is eptifibatide given?
Parenterally
How is tirofiban given?
Parenterally for an immediate effect
Abciximab side effect?
Immune response
Eptifibatide class and mxn?
antiplatelet; fibrinogen analog which competes with endogenous fibrinogen for IIb/IIIa
Tirofiban class and mxn?
antiplatelet; fibrinogen analog which competes with endogenous fibrinogen for IIb/IIIa
Eptifibatide side effect?
Bleeding, ACS, PCI, thrombocytopenia
Tirofiban side effects?
Bleeding, NSTE-ACS
Fibrinogen analogs?
Eptifibatide, Tirofiban
PDE inhibitor?
Dipyridamole
Monoclonal antiplatelet antibody?
Abciximab
Inhibits plately ADP receptors?
Clopidogrel
LMWH reversal with protamine is ______?
Less-effective
The risk of HIT with LMWH is _____?
Less than with unfractionated heparin
Is there a need for monitoring with LMWH?
No, there is a predictable dose response.
Similar to Fondaparinux but with 5-6 day half-life?
Idraparinux
Half-life of Fondaparinux?
17-21 hours
Why is warfarin dosing difficult?
Competes with VitK, >99% bound to albumin, hepatic metabolism, fluctuation of the cascade, has a very narrow therapeutic index
Are direct thrombin inhibitors active in clots?
yes!
Bivalirudin half-life?
Very short
Argatroban clearance?
Hepatic
Dabigatran clearance?
Renal
Dabigatran is?
Serine-protease inhibitor
Dabigatran a predrug?
Yes
Need for monitoring with dabigatran?
No, safe over a large range of doses
2 generalizations of oral direct inhibitors of Xa and IIa (thrombin)?
No antidote, no methods to assess levels
Fibrinolytic timing?
Effective if within 3-12 hours; Given for 1-2 days
Is alteplase clot specific?
No
Is tenecteplase clot specific?
Yes
Is reteplase clot specific?
Somewhat
Does a high or low dose of aspirin provide greater antiplatelet effect?
Low dose! High dose will increasingly affect endothelial cell COX1 which can be re-made
PDE inhibitors aside from dipyramidole?
Cilostazol, Pentoxifylline
Is clopidogrel reversible
NO
Onset of clopidogrel?
Slow, and offset is slow as well and can last up to 10 days
Other ADP receptor blockers?
Prasugrel, Ticagrelor
Abciximab lasts?
24-48 hours
Eptifibatide timing?
Rapid onset, short half-life