Antibiotic Indications: Drugs & Bugs Flashcards
Penicillin G & V.
Streptococcal species, resistance in
some species (S. pneumoniae, S.
anginosus group, viridians group);
mouth anaerobes; syphilis; poor Staph
oxacillin (IV); nafcillin
IV); dicloxacillin (PO
Methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA)
Ampicillin (IV, PO);
amoxicillin (PO)
Streptococcus (DoC for Enterococcus);
mouth anaerobes; Listeria, E. coli, Proteus
Piperacillin (IV);
Ticarcillin
Activity of aminopenicillins; Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Serratia
Zosyn IV (piperacillin + tazobactam); Augmentin PO (amoxicillin + clavulanate)
Retention of spectrum of parent drug with increased activity against β- lactamase producing organisms (S. aureus, gut anaerobes, all Haemophilus, E. coli)
Cefazolin (IV);
cephalexin (oral
S. aureus; strep (NO Enterococcus); E.
coli, Proteus, Klebsiella; mouth
anaerobes
Cefuroxime
Less. S. aureus coverage; 1st
generation plus Haemophilus (including
penicillinase strains); above and below
diaphragm anaerobes
Cefoxitin; cefotetan
More active against E. coli & Klebsiella
than 1st generation; B. fragilis
Ceftazadime (IV);
cefpodoxime (PO);
ceftriaxone (IV)
Ceftazidime: poor gram-positive activity Ceftriaxone less active against MSSA than 1st generation cephs, but active against Strep; enhanced activity against gramnegatives Ceftazdime: Pseudomonas
Cefepime (IV)
3rd generation, plus Staphylococcus
coverage
Ceftaroline (IV)
Gram positive-MRSA, MSSA,
Streptococci, E. faecalis not faecium
Gram negative activity similar to
ceftriaxone
Imipenem - cilastatin;
Meropenem;
Ertapenem; Doripenem
(all IV)
Broad spectrum (excludes MRSA)
Ertapenem: not effective against
Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter
Used for highly-resistant organisms
Aztreonam (IV)
Gram- aerobic bacilli including
Pseudomonas, no G+, no anaerobes
Vancomycin (IV, PO)
G+s only (MRSA, Enterococcus,
coagulase-negative Staph, Strep)
PO: C. difficile
Dalbavancin;
Telavancin; Oritavancin
Similar to vancomycin but active against
VRE & more anaerobe coverage
Daptomycin (IV)
G+ cocci only; use for VRE, VRSA
Colistin (IV, INH)
G- only; usually reserved for
Pseudomonas species resistant to all
other antibacterials
Ciprofloxacin (IV, PO)
Enterobactericeae, Pseudomonas, Atypicals
Levofloxacin (IV, PO);
Moxifloxacin (IV, PO
Adds pneumococcus (Strep pneumoniae) to spectrum of 1st generation fluoroquinolones. Levofloxacin: Pseudomonas Moxifloxacin: No Pseudomonas, but has anaerobic activity
Metronidazole (IV, PO
Anaerobes excluding Actinomyces;
Peptostreptococcus (DoC for C.
difficile); some protozoa (Giardia, Trichomonas, Entamoeba); H. pylori
Rifampin (IV, PO)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Staph
aureus
Gentamicin; tobramycin
Extremely effective against G- rods;
ineffective against anaerobes due to an
oxygen-dependent uptake mechanism,
Doxycycline;
Minocycline (both IV,
PO
utility for Gram+ (S. pneumoniae,
MRSA); very effective against
intracellular pathogens (mycoplasma,
chlamydia, legionella, rickettsia)
Tigecycline (IV)
Broad spectrum including MRSA, VRE, Enterobacteriaceae, and anaerobes. DOES NOT have activity against Pseudomonas. Often one of few drugs effective against carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae
Clindamycin (IV, PO)
ONLY G+ cocci & anaerobes: CA-MRSA/MSSA, Strep, Staph (resistance in Group B strep and S. aureus increasing), Mouth anaerobes
Azithromycin (Z-Pak
PO, IV))
Effective for intracellular pathogens
(mycoplasma, chlamydia, legionella). H.
influenzae; ; S. pneumoniae (high level
of resistance)
Linezolid & Tedizolid
both IV, PO
Gram+ organisms; MRSA, MSSA,
Enterococcus including VRE
Trimethoprim
Uncomplicated UTIs; Pneumocystis
pneumonia & Toxoplasmosis infections
in immunocompromised patients
Sulfamethoxazole
Uncomplicated UTIs; Pneumocystis
pneumonia & Toxoplasmosis infections
in immunocompromised patients
