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Pharmacology > Antimalarials > Flashcards

Antimalarials Flashcards

1
Q

Quinoline derivatives?

A

Quinine, Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine, Mefloquine, Primaquine

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2
Q

Quinine is also called?

A

Quinidine (used in anti-arrhythmias)

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3
Q

Quinoline derivative mxn?

A

Accumulate in parasite’s food vacuole, disrupt heme polymerization to hemozoin, yeilding oxidative damage to membranes and digestive proteases. Primaquine is unique in that it inhibits exoerythrocytic schyzogony by forming quinoline-quinone intermediats that oxidize schizont membranes

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4
Q

Quinoline derivatives for?

A

Prophylaxiws, treatment of acute malarial attacks

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5
Q

Quinine side effects?

A

Cinchonism, hypotension, hypoglycemia, abortion, arrythmias

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6
Q

Chloroquine side effects?

A

Itching (Africans), retinitis (rare)

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7
Q

Primaquine side effects?

A

Hemolysis (G6PD), methemoglobinemia, fever, N/V

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8
Q

Hydroxychloroquine is?

A

Quinoline derivative

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9
Q

Mefloquine is?

A

Quinoline derivative

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10
Q

Chloroguanide class and mxn?

A

Antifolate, Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor

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11
Q

AKA Proguanil?

A

Chloroguanide

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12
Q

Chloroguanide used exclusively with?

A

As combination therapy: Chloroguanide (Proguanil with Atovaquone)

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13
Q

Atovaquone class and mxn?

A

Napthalene, Depolarizes parasitic mitochondria and inhibits their electron transport

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14
Q

Atovaquone + Chloroguanide (Proguanil) used for?

A

Prophylaxis and treatment of malaria due to P. falciparum, including chloroquine-resistant strains

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15
Q

Major resistance amongst P. falciparum to this quinoline derivative?

A

Chloroquine

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16
Q

Artesunate class and mxn?

A

Artemisinin compound, specifically and selectively inhibits SERCA of P. falciparum

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17
Q

Artesunate side effects?

A

Neurotoxicity, QT prolongation

18
Q

Artemether class and mxn?

A

Artemisinin compound, specifically and selectively inhibits SERCA of P. falciparum

19
Q

Artemisinin compounds?

A

Artesunate, Artemether

20
Q

AKA benflumetol?

A

Lumefantrine

21
Q

AKA Lumefantrine?

A

Benflumetol

22
Q

Lumefantrine class?

A

Aminoalcohol

23
Q

Lumefantrine used in combo with?

A

Artemether (“coartemether”)

24
Q

Prophylaxis in chloroquine-sensitive zone?

A

Chloroquine

25
Q

Prophylaxis in chloroquine-resistant zone?

A

Mefloquine, Doxycycline, Atovaquone/Proguanil

26
Q

Mefloquine-resistant zone?

A

Doxycycline, Atovaquone/Proguanil

27
Q

Terminal prophylaxis?

A

Primaquine

28
Q

Antibiotics used to treat malaria?

A

Tetracycline, Clindamycin, Doxycycline

29
Q

Antibiotics treat what?

A

Severe malaria and chloroquine-resistant uncomplicated malaria

30
Q

Doxycycline side effect?

A

Photosensitivity

31
Q

Amantadine mxn?

A

Positive charge helps chloroquine overcome chloroquine-resistant malaria vacuoles; pt mutations against amantadine return bacteria to chloroquine-sensitivity

32
Q

Tx of severe malaria?

A

IV quinidien gluconate + antibiotic; IV artesunate followed by atovaquone-proguanil, doxycycline (clindamycin in pregnant woman), or mefloquine; blood transfusion

33
Q

Use for “radical cure” of acute attack of P. vivax or P. ovale?

A

Primaquine phosphate

34
Q

Has P. malaria developed resistance to chloroquine?

A

No

35
Q

Has P knowlesi developed resistance to chloroquine?

A

No

36
Q

Tx of uncomplicated malaria in P. falciparum, P. malariae, or P. knowlesi?

A

Chloroquine phosphate (or hydroxychloroquine)

37
Q

Tx of uncomplicated malaria in chloroquine-sensitive P. vivax or P. ovale?

A

Chloroquine phosphate + Primaquine phosphate (or Hydroxychloroquine + Primaquine phosphate)

38
Q

Tx of uncomplicated malaria in P. falciparum?

A

Atovaquone-Proguanil (or Artemether-Lumefantrine, Quinine sulfate + Antibiotic, Mefloquine)

39
Q

Has P. falciparum developed resistance to chloroquine?

A

Yes

40
Q

Has P. vivax developed resistance to chloroquine?

A

Some strains have

41
Q

Tx of uncomplicated malaria in chloroquine-resistane P. vivax?

A

Quinine sulfate + Doxycycline or Tetracycline + Primaquine phosphate (or Atovaquone-proguanil + Primaquine phosphate, Mefloquine + Primaquine phosphate)

Pharmacology (46 decks)

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