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Haematology > Thrombotic Disorders > Flashcards

Thrombotic Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are the elements of haemostasis?

A

Primary haemostasis
Blood coagulation
Fibrinolysis

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2
Q

What is involved in primary haemostasis?

A

Vasoconstriction
Platelet adhesion
Platelet aggregation

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3
Q

What is incolved in coagulation?

A

Insoluble fibrin formation

Fibrin cross-linking

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4
Q

What is the process behind fibrinolysis?

A

Factor XII, tPA and urokinase convert plasminogen into plasmin
Fibrin is converted into fibrinogen and fibrin degredation products by plasmin

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5
Q

What is Virchow’s triad of thrombosis?

A

Stasis
Hypercoagulability
Vessel damage

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6
Q

What causes blood stasis?

A

Bed rest

Travel

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7
Q

What causes hypercoagulability?

A

Pregnancy

Trauma

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8
Q

What causes vessel damage?

A

Atherosclerosis

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9
Q

What are the types of thrombosis?

A

Arterial
Venous
Microvascular

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10
Q

What type of clot is found in an arterial thrombus?

A

“White clot” composed of platelets and fibrin

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11
Q

What is arterial thrombus typically second to?

A

Atherosclerosis

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12
Q

Risk factors for arterial thrombosis

A 
Age
Smoking
Sedentary lifestyle
Hypertension
Diabetes mellitus
Obesity
Hypercholesterolaemia
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13
Q

Management of arterial thrombosis

A 
Primary prevention
   -Lifestyle modification
   -Treatment of vascular risk factors
Acute presentation
   -Thrombolysis
   -Antiplatelet/anticoagulant drugs
Secondary prevention
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14
Q

What type of clot is found in a venous thrombus?

A

“Red thrombus” composed of fibrin and red cells

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15
Q

What is the main cause of venous thrombus?

A

Stasis and hypercoagulability

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16
Q

Risk factors of venous thrombosis

A 
Increasing age	Surgery
Pregnancy
Obesity
Hormonal therapy (COCP/HRT)
Systemic disease 
Tissue trauma	Family history
Immobility
17
Q

Diagnosis of venous thrombosis

A 
Pretest probability scoring
   -Wells score
   -Geneva score
Laboratory testing if pretest probability low
   -D-dimer 
Imaging
18
Q

Venous thrombosis treatment

A

Anticoagulants

  • LMWH
  • Coumarins (warfarin)
  • DOACs

Thrombolysis only in selected cases

19
Q

What is heritible thrombophilia?

A

An inherited predisposition to venous thrombosis

20
Q

Common causes of heritable thrombophilia

A

Factor V Leiden

Prothrombin 20210 - produce too much prothrombin

21
Q

DIC

A

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation

22
Q

Microvascular thrombus

A

Composed of platelets and/or fibrin

Results in diffuse ischaemia

Haematology (18 decks)

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