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Haematology > Myeloid Malignancy > Flashcards

Myeloid Malignancy Flashcards

1
Q

AML

A

Acute myeloid leukaemia

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2
Q

CML

A

Chronic myeloid leukaemia

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3
Q

MDS

A

Myelodysplastic syndromes

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4
Q

MPN

A

Myeloproliferative neoplasms

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5
Q

Sub groups of acute leukaemia

A

Acute myeloblastic leukaemia

Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

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6
Q

Clinical features of AML

A

Bone marrow failure
Anaemia
Thrombocytopenic bleeding
Infection due to neutropenia

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7
Q

Investigations for AML

A

Blood count and blood film

Bone marrow aspirate

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8
Q

Treatment of AML

A

Supportive care
Anti-leukaemic Chemotherapy
Allogeneic stem cell transplantation

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9
Q

Clinical presentation of CML

A 
Anaemia
Splenomegaly
Weight loss
Hyperleukostasis
Gout
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10
Q

What is hyperleukostasis?

A

Extremely elevated blast cell count and symptoms of decreased tissue perfusion

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11
Q

Laboratory features of CML

A

High WCC
High platelet count
Anaemia
Blood film shows all stages of white cell differentiation with increased basophils
Bone marrow is hypercellular
Bone marrow and blood cells contain the Philadelphia chromosome

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12
Q

CML treatment

A

Tyrosine kinase inhibitor
Bositinib
Ponatinib

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13
Q

Myeloproliferative neoplasms

A

Polycythaemia vera
Essential thrombocythaemia
Idiopathic myelofibrosis

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14
Q

Which cells are affected by myeloproliferative neoplasms?

A 
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Monocytes
Platelets
Red cells
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15
Q

What is the mutation involved in the majority of PV and 50% of ET?

A

JAK2 V617F mutation

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16
Q

PV

A

Polycythaemia vera

17
Q

PV clinical features

A 
Headaches
Itch
Vascular occlusion
Thrombosis
TIA/stroke
Splenomegaly
18
Q

Laboratory features of PV

A 
Increased =>
Haemoglobin concentration
Haematocrit
White cell count and platelet count
Uric acid
19
Q

What is the haematocrit?

A

The ratio of the volume of red blood cells to the total volume of blood

20
Q

PV treatment

A

Venesection to keep haematocrit below 0.45
Aspirin
Hydroxycarbamide (HC)/Alpha Interferon

21
Q

Venesection

A

Phlebotomy

22
Q

Complications of PV

A

Stroke or other thromboses if poorly controlled
Bone marrow failure from development of secondary myelofibrosis
Transformation to AML

23
Q

What is essential thrombocythaemia

A

Myeloproliferative disease with predominant feature of raised platelet count

24
Q

Presentation of ET

A 
Arterial and venous thromboses
Digital ischaemia
Gout
Headache
Mild splenomegaly
25
Q

ET treatment

A

Aspirin

Hydroxycarbamide or anagrelide

26
Q

Progression of ET

A

Myelofibrosis

AML

27
Q

What characterises PV?

A

Overproduction of red cells

28
Q

What characterises ET?

A

Overproduction of platelets

Haematology (18 decks)

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