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Haematology > Immunology - Immunotherapy > Flashcards

Immunology - Immunotherapy Flashcards

1
Q

Post exposure prophylaxis with Human Normal Immunoglobulin (HNIg)

A

Hep A
Measles
Polio
Rubella

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2
Q

Post exposure prophylaxis with specific immunoglobulins

A

Hep B
Rabies
Tetanus
Varicella-Zoster virus

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3
Q

What is IV immunoglobulin?

A

Key biologic for replacement therapy in primary and secondary immunodeficiency disorders
Also used for some autoimmune disorders

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4
Q

How can polyclonal IgG be administered?

A

Mainly intravenously (IVIg), but also subcutaneously (SCIg)

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5
Q

What is the source of IVIg?

A

Pooled from several thousand donors

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6
Q

Indications for IVIg

A

Primary immunodeficiency

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

IgG subclass deficiencies with recurrent infections

Common variable immunodeficiency

Multiple myeloma/CLL

Children with HIV

Guillain-Barre syndrome

Allogenic bone marrow transplantation—prevention of graft versus host disease (GVHD) and infections

Wiskott Aldrich syndrome

Kawasaki disease

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7
Q

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

A

Caused by the patient’s own antibodies attacking his or her platelets

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8
Q

What are the types of immunotherapy?

A

Direct (targeted)

Indirect

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9
Q

Direct immunotherapy

A

Antibodies or antibody related fragments that detect an antigen on the tumour cell and destroy the target either by recruiting immune cells or by delivering a toxin or radioisotope to it

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10
Q

Indirect immunotherapy

A

The immune system is activated rendering it able to seek and destroy tumour cells

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11
Q

Types of direct immunotherapy

A

Monoclonal antibodies

Chimeric antigen receptors
(CARs)

Bi-specific antibodies

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12
Q

Types of indirect immunotherapy

A

Tumour vaccines

Dendritic cell vaccines

Adoptive cell transfer

Cytokine therapies

Checkpoint inhibitor therapies

Stimulatory antibodies

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13
Q

Cytokine therapies

A

Immunomodulatory cytokines to activate anti-tumour immunity

Used in specific cancers

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14
Q

What is rituximab used to treat?

A

First line treatment for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Specific for the CD20 molecule on the cell surface of a small sub-population of B cells

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15
Q

What type of therapy is infliximab?

A

Anti-TNF - chimeric antibody that blocks the function of TNF alpha

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16
Q

What is TNF?

A

Pro-inflammatory cytokine that stimulates an acute phase reaction

17
Q

What is infliximab used to treat?

A

Autoimmune diseases

18
Q

What is Herceptin (Trastuzumab) used to treat?

A

HER2+ metastatic breast cancer

19
Q

Checkpoint inhibitor antibodies

A

Unlock the gateway to the adaptive immune system
Powerful anti-tumour responses
But potential for immune related adverse effects

20
Q

Whatis CAR T cell therapy designed to express?

A

Antigen-targeted receptors specifiv for tumour antigens

21
Q

What are chimeric antibody receptors?

A

Combined antibody and T cell response

Haematology (18 decks)

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