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Haematology > Blood Transfusion > Flashcards

Blood Transfusion Flashcards

1
Q

What are antigens?

A

Something that provokes an immune response

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2
Q

What do blood groups arise from?

A

Antigens

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3
Q

Causes of transfusion reaction or haemolytic disease of the newborn

A

Anti-D

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4
Q

Who makes anti-D and when?

A

RhD- people if exposed to RhD+ cells

Transfusion or pregnancy

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5
Q

Indications for red cell transfusion

A

To correct severe acute anaemia, which might otherwise cause organ damage
To improve quality of life in patient with otherwise uncorrectable anaemia
To prepare a patient for surgery or speed up recovery
To reverse damage caused by patient’s own red cells (sickle cell anaemia)

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6
Q

What temperature are RBCs stored at?

A

4 degrees C

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7
Q

What temperature are platelets stored at?

A

22 degrees C

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8
Q

What is the shelf life of platelets?

A

7 days

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9
Q

How long does fresh frozen plasma take to thaw?

A

30 minutes

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10
Q

FFP

A

Fresh frozen plasma

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11
Q

HDN

A

Haemolytic disease of the newborn

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12
Q

What combination of RhD +/- in the mother/foetus causes HDN?

A

Rh- mother/Rh+ baby

Mother is exposed to RhD and creates anti-D

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13
Q

How can HDN be prevented/treated?

A

Prevention using prophylactic anti-D

Treatment by careful monitoring

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14
Q

Indication for red cell transfusion

A

Anaemia

Sickle cell disease

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15
Q

Indication for platelet transfusion

A

Thrombocytopenia

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16
Q

Indication for FFP transfusion

A

Low coagulation factors

17
Q

Indication for cryoprecipitate transfusion

A

Low fibrinogen

18
Q

Storage temperature of FFP

A

-25 degrees

19
Q

Shelf life of cryoprecipitate

20
Q

Storage temerature of cryoprecipitate

A

-25 degrees

21
Q

What does cryoprecipitate contain?

A

Coagulation factors - VIII, XIII vWF, fibrinogen

22
Q

Would you transfuse a bleeding patiet with factor VIII deficiency?

A

No - use factor VIII concentrate

23
Q

Would you transfer a bleeding patiet with factor V deficiency?

A

Yes - there is no factor V concentrate

24
Q

What would you give a bleeding patient on warfarin?

A

Factor III or IV concentrate and vitamin K

25
Q

TACO

A

Transfusion asscociated cardiac overload

26
Q

Possible transfusion reactions

A

Pyrexia
Urticaria
Dyspnoea
Shock

27
Q

FNHTR

A

Febrile non haemolytic transfusion reactions

28
Q

Causes of urticaria after a transfusion

A

Mild allergic reaction

Anaphylaxis

29
Q

Urticaria treatment

A

Antihistamines

30
Q

Possible causes of dyspnoea after transfusion

A

TACO
TRALI
Anaphylaxis

31
Q

TRALI

A

Transfusion-related acute lung injury

32
Q

Treatment of dyspnoea aftger transfusion

A

O2
Diuretic
Ventilation
Adrenaline

Haematology (18 decks)

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