Thrombotic Disorders

Question 1

what are the three types of thrombosis ?

Answer 1

arterial
venous
microvascular

Question 2

what are the three stages of haemostasis?

Answer 2

primary haemostats
blood coagulation
fibrinolysis

Question 3

what is the “colour” of arterial thrombosis ?

Answer 3

white clot

Question 4

what is the “colour” of venous thrombosis ?

Answer 4

red clot

Question 5

what components make up a arterial clot?

Answer 5

platelets and fibrin

Question 6

what components make up a venous clot?

Answer 6

fibrin and red cells

Question 7

what are arterial thrombus commonly caused by ?

Answer 7

atherosclerosis

Question 8

what are venous thrombus commonly caused by ?

Answer 8

stasis and hyper coagulation

Question 9

what are two probability tests for venous thrombus?

Answer 9

wells

geneva

Question 10

what is the lab test for venous thrombus?

Answer 10

d dimer

Question 11

what imaging can be used for venous thrombus?

Answer 11

doppler
V/Q scan
CT pulmonary angiogram

Question 12

what affect on tissues does arterial thrombus have?

Answer 12

ischaemia

infarction

Question 13

how do you tell what vessel is the vein with doppler?

Answer 13

veins are compressible

Question 14

do anti-coagulants break down clots?

Answer 14

no

Question 15

what are anti-coagulants used for in thrombus ?

Answer 15

prevents the clot from getting bigger and prevents the clot to embolus

Question 16

what is the management of acute presentation of arterial thromboembolism?

Answer 16

thrombolysis

anti-platelets/anti-coagulants drugs

Question 17

what is the secondary prevention for arterial thromboembolism ?

Answer 17

address risk factors
statins
anti-platelets

Question 18

state some risk factors for arterial thromboembolism?

Answer 18

age 
smoking 
sedentary lifestyle 
HTN 
DM 
obesity 
hypercholestolaemia

Question 19

state some risk factors for venous thromboembolism?

Answer 19

age
pregnancy 
hormonal therapy 
tissue trauma 
immobility 
surgery 
obesity 
systemic disease

Question 20

state some systemic disease which can increase venous thromboembolus ?

Answer 20

cancer
myeloproliferative neoplasm
autoimmune disease

Question 21

what components make up a microvascular thrombus?

Answer 21

platelets and fibrin

Question 22

where in the body does microvascular thrombus affect?

Answer 22

the periphery

Question 23

what is microvascular thrombus associated with?

Answer 23

DIC

- disseminated intravascular coagulation

Question 24

state three causes of DIC?

Answer 24

septicaemia
malignancy
eclampsia

Question 25

what are two complications of DIC?

Answer 25

gangrene

organ failure

Question 26

state the two stages of DIC pathology/

Answer 26

♣ trigger which activates coagulation and fibrin formation and then with the consumption of platelets and clotting factors increases the risk of bleeding

Question 27

what is the treatment for DIC?

Answer 27

lose dose anticoagulant

support clotting factors and platelets

Question 28

what is the most common heritable thrombophilia ?

Answer 28

factor V leiden

Question 29

what affect does Factor V Leiden have on the blood?

Answer 29

increased coagulablity

Question 30

what medication is available for venous thomboembolus?

Answer 30

LMWH
warfarin
DOACs (direct acting anti-coagulants) -Rivaroxaban