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Y3 Haematology > The Scope of Clinical Haematology > Flashcards

The Scope of Clinical Haematology Flashcards

1
Q

name the 3 main components of blood?

A

plasma
buffy coat
RBCs

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2
Q

what makes up the plasma?

A

clotting factors
albumin
antibodies

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3
Q

where are platelets produced ?

A

the liver

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4
Q

what could cause neurophilia?

A

infection

inflammation

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5
Q

what could cause neutropenia?

A

marrow failure
medication to reduce production
increased consumption
altered function

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6
Q

what are the three functions of blood?

A

transport gases, nutrients, waste
maintenance of vascular integrity (prevents leaks and blockage)
protection from pathogens

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7
Q

where is erythropoietin produced?

A

the kidney in response to hypoxia

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8
Q

what does erythropoietin stimulate?

A

stimulates RBC production

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9
Q

what does G-CSF do?

A

makes the bone marrow produce WBCs

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10
Q

what does thrombopoietin stimulate?

A

increases platelet production

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11
Q

what is normal ranges of Hb for males and females?

A 
males = 135-170
females = 120-160
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12
Q

what is the normal range of platelets ?

A

150-400

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13
Q

what is the normal range of WBCs?

A

4-10

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14
Q

state some haematological tests?

A 
clotting times 
bleeding times 
FBC 
chemical assays 
marrow aspirate 
lymph node biopsy 
imaging
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15
Q

state some causes of splenomegaly?

A 
infection 
haematological malignancy 
portal HTN 
haemolytic disorder 
connective tissue disorder
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16
Q

state some WBCs?

A

basophils
monocytes
neutrophils
eosinophils

17
Q

what part of the immune system are antibodies?

A

adaptive

18
Q

what can cause lymphopenia?

A

usually post viral

lymphoma

19
Q

what could cause lymphocytosis ?

A

infectious mononucleosis

pertussis

20
Q

state some symptoms of anaemia

A

dyspnoea

fatigue

21
Q

what could decrease Hb to cause anaemia

A

deficiency in iron, folate, B12

thalassaemia

22
Q

what does bone marrow anatomy look like?

A

stroma and sinusoids

23
Q

what is an erythrocyte differentiated from

A

erythroblast

24
Q

what are the life span of platelets

A

7 days

25
Q

what is the function of neutrophils

A

to ingest and destroy pathogens, especially bacteria and fungi

26
Q

what stimulates the production of neutrophils

A

granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF)

27
Q

what are the life span of neutrophils

A

1-2days

28
Q

what are the two classes of HLA?

A

Class I: displays internal antigens on all nucleated cells

Class II: displays antigens eaten by professional antigen presenting cells

29
Q

what is haemophilia?

A

abnormal clotting factors

Y3 Haematology (14 decks)

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