Blood Transfusion

Question 1

how many blood groups are there

Answer 1

4

• A
• B
• A/B
• O

Question 2

what are the three main components of blood that can be transfused

Answer 2

FFP
Cryoprecipitate
platelets

Question 3

how many units of FFP needs to be given per unit of blood

Answer 3

1 for 1

Question 4

how long does FFP take to thaw

Answer 4

30 mins

Question 5

what Lab tests to determine how much FFP should be used

Answer 5

prothrombin time

APTT

Question 6

what Lab tests to determine how much cryoprecipitate should be used

Answer 6

fibrogen

Question 7

what temp is platelets be kept at

Answer 7

Stored at ambient temp ~22oC, shelf life 5 days

Question 8

what antigen is attached to A group

Answer 8

N-acetyl-galactosamine

Question 9

what antigen is attached to B group

Answer 9

galactose

Question 10

what antigen is attached to A/B group

Answer 10

both sugars are attached but no antibodies for the antigens

Question 11

what is the most common blood group

Answer 11

O

Question 12

what is the least common blood group

Answer 12

AB

Question 13

what is the universal blood group?

Answer 13

O

Question 14

what is the universal donor for FFP?

Answer 14

AB

Question 15

are most people RhD positive or negative?

Answer 15

negative

Question 16

what happens when RhD neg patients are exposed to RhD positive cells?

Answer 16

RhD negative individuals can make anti-D if exposed to RhD+ cells

Question 17

state some indictions for platelet transfusion?

Answer 17

massive haemorrhage
bone marrow failure
prophylaxis for surgery
cardiopulmonary bypass

Question 18

what is an apheresis donor?

Answer 18

the blood is collected by a machine, which separates the plasma, red cells and platelets and returns the red cells and/or platelets back to the donor
- only keeps the plasma

Question 19

what do RhD negative patients produce in reaction to RhD positive cells?

Answer 19

anti-D

Question 20

give two examples of how a Rhesus -ve person could be exposed to rhesus +ve cells?

Answer 20

blood transfusion

pregnancy

Question 21

what can plasma be used to make?

Answer 21

Fresh frozen plasma
cryoprecipitate
imunoglobulins
albumin

Question 22

what temp are red cells keep at?

Answer 22

4degrees

Question 23

what should the serum be screened for ?

Answer 23

allo-antibodies

Question 24

what blood should be given if very urgent?

Answer 24

O -ve red cells

AB plasma

Question 25

what blood should be given if urgent?

Answer 25

type specific

- one test to check blood group

Question 26

what blood should be given if non-urgent?

Answer 26

check type and any allo-antibodies

Question 27

what does TACO stand for?

Answer 27

Transfusion-related circulatory overload

Question 28

how is TACO treated?

Answer 28

slow the rate

give IV diurectics

Question 29

what does TRALI stand for?

Answer 29

transfusion related acute lung injury

Question 30

how is TRALI treated ?

Answer 30

O2, resp support, IV fluids

Question 31

what does ATR stand for?

Answer 31

acute transfusion reaction

Question 32

state symptoms of a minor reaction to blood?

Answer 32

Fever usually <380C, urticarial rash (raised itchy)

Question 33

state symptoms of a major reaction to blood?

Answer 33

Fever, urticaria, respiratory distress, hypotension, tachycardia, oliguria, bleeding, collapse

Question 34

what does HDN stand for?

Answer 34

haemolytic disease of the newborn

Question 35

what rhesus is most immunogenic?

Answer 35

Rh D

Question 36

what should Rh -ve pregnant women be given ?

Answer 36

anti D prophylaxis

Question 37

what can be done for an anaemic foetus ?

Answer 37

intra uterine transfusion

Question 38

what two investigations can be done to monitor HDN?

Answer 38

antibody titres

doppler US