Bleeding Disorders

Question 1

state some questions used for the history taking to diagnosis a bleeding disorder?

Answer 1

Hx of bruising, epistaxis, menorrhagia, post part haemorrhage
post surgical bleeding (best question)

Question 2

state the pattern of bleeding for platelet type?

Answer 2

mucosal 
epistaxis 
purpura
menorrhagia 
GI

Question 3

state the pattern of bleeding for coagulation factor?

Answer 3

articular (joints)
muscle haematoma
CNS (brain bleed)

Question 4

what is low platelet count called?

Answer 4

thrombocytopenia

Question 5

what are two types of haemophilia ?

Answer 5

A and B

Question 6

what type of haemophilia is more common?

Answer 6

A

Question 7

what type of condition is haemophilia ?

Answer 7

X linked

Question 8

in what type of joints are haemarthrosis more common in?

Answer 8

hinge joints

Question 9

name a muscle where muscle haematoma can occur?

Answer 9

iliopsoas

Question 10

state some signs of haemophilia?

Answer 10

haemarthrosis 
muscle haematoma 
CNS bleeding 
retroperitoneal bleeding 
post surgical bleeding

Question 11

state three complications of haemophilia?

Answer 11

synovitis
neuromuscular compression
stroke

Question 12

state some blood tests which can be used to diagnosis haemophilia?

Answer 12

prolonged APTT
normal PT and BT
reduced coagulation factors (FVIII, FIX)

Question 13

what test should be done when someone is diagnosis with a hereditary haemophilia?

Answer 13

gene testing

Question 14

is von willebrand disease or haemophilia more common?

Answer 14

von willebrand disease

Question 15

what type of genetic condition is von willebrand disease?

Answer 15

autosomal

- can affect male and females

Question 16

what are the two types of von willebrand disease?

Answer 16

type 1 = quantitative deficiency

type 2 = qualitiative deficiency

Question 17

what is the cause of type 1 von wile brand disease?

Answer 17

reduction of production of vWF

Question 18

what is the cause of type 2 von wile brand disease?

Answer 18

The receptor on the vWF is abnormal so cant bond to platelets and collagen but there is a normal production of vWF

Question 19

what is the treatment for von willebrand disease?

Answer 19

• vWF concentrate or DDAVP
• Tranexamic Acid
• Topical applications
• OCP

Question 20

what is thrombocytopenia ?

Answer 20

low platelet count

Question 21

state two general causes of thrombocytopenia?

Answer 21

decreased production

increased consumption

Question 22

state some causes of decreased production of platelets ?

Answer 22

• Marrow failure
• Aplasia anaemia
• Infiltration

Question 23

state some causes of increased production of platelets ?

Answer 23

immune ITP
non immune DIC
hypersplenism

Question 24

what does ITP stand for?

Answer 24

idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

Question 25

what is ITP associated with?

Answer 25

♣ Infection (EBV (glandular fever), HIV)
♣ Collagenosis
♣ Lymphoma
♣ Drug induced

Question 26

what is the treatment for ITP?

Answer 26

steroids
IV IgG
splenectomy
thrombopoietin analogues

Question 27

state some signs of thrombocytopenia ?

Answer 27

petechia
ecchymosis
mucosal bleeding
CNS bleeding (rare)

Question 28

what is the main cause of haemostatic failure ?

Answer 28

drugs

Question 29

give some examples of drugs which can cause haemostatic failure?

Answer 29

warfarin
heparin
aspirin
clopidogrel

Question 30

what organ failure can cause thrombocytopenia?

Answer 30

liver and kidney failure

Question 31

what is a complication of haemorrhagic disease of the newborn?

Answer 31

fatal haemorrhage

Question 32

state two causes of haemorrhagic disease of the newborn

Answer 32

immature coagulation systems

vitamin K deficiency