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Y3 Haematology > Lymphoid Malignancy > Flashcards

Lymphoid Malignancy Flashcards

1
Q

what are the four main lymphoid malignancies?

A

acute lymphocytic leukaemia
chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
Hodgkins lymphoma
Non-hodgkin’s lymphoma

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2
Q

how is acute lymphocytic leukaemia diagnosed?

A

> 20% lymphoblasts in bone marrow

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3
Q

what is the presentation of ALL?

A

bone pain
B symptoms - weight loss, sweats, fever, night sweats, itch
bone marrow failure

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4
Q

what are three signs of bone marrow failure?

A

anaemia
thrombocytopenia
bleeding
neutropenia

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5
Q

what investigation can be used to diagnosis ALL?

A

biopsy

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6
Q

what is the treatment for ALL?

A 
steroids 
induction chemo 
CNS directed treatment 
maintenance treatment 
stem cell transplantation (if high risk)
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7
Q

state some poor prognostic indicators for ALL?

A 
increased age 
increased WCC
immunophenotype 
cytogenetics (t(9;22))
slow response to treatment
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8
Q

what does ALL stand for ?

A

acute lymphocytic leukaemia

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9
Q

what location does ALL occur?

A

bone marrow

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10
Q

what location does CLL occur?

A

lymph nodes

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11
Q

is ALL fast or slow growing

A

fast growing

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12
Q

is CLL fast or slow growing ?

A

slow

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13
Q

is CLL curable ?

A

no

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14
Q

what is the location of CLL?

A

lymph nodes and blood

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15
Q

what is the three criteria for CLL diagnosis ?

A 
blood >5x10^9 lymphocytes 
bone marrow >30% lymphocytes 
characteristic immunophenotyping 
- B cell markers (CD 19, 20, 23)
- CD5 +
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16
Q

what gender is CLL more common?

A

males

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17
Q

what is the commonest leukaemia ?

A

CLL

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18
Q

state the common presentation of CLL?

A

often asymptomatic

- incidental finding

19
Q

state some symptoms of CLL?

A

bone marrow failure
lymphadenopathy
splenomegaly
B symptoms

20
Q

what is the staging for CLL called?

A

binet

21
Q

do CLL usually have mild or severe disease?

A

stage A - mild

22
Q

what is the management for most people with CLL?

A

wait and watch

- most people won’t die form the disease

23
Q

what is the treatment for CLL?

A

cytotoxic chemo
monoclonal antibodies
targeted agents

24
Q

state some indications for CLL treatment ?

A

progressive bone marrow failure
massive lymphadenopathy
lymphocyte count increasing substantially
autoimmune cytopenias

25
Q

what are some poor prognostic markers?

A 
advanced disease 
atypical lymphocyte morphology 
CD 38+ expression 
loss/mutation of p53 
rapid lymphocyte doubling time
26
Q

is hodgkins disease a specific disease?

A

yes

27
Q

what gender is most affected by hodgkins disease?

A

males

28
Q

what ages are most affected by hodgkins disease?

A

1st peak = 15-35yrs

2nd peak in later life

29
Q

what is the second peak of hodgkins disease associated with?

A

epstein barr virus

30
Q

state the presentation of hogkins disease?

A

lymphadenopathy
extra nodal disease
B symptoms
bone marrow involvement

31
Q

what investigations should be done for hodgkins disease?

A

lymph node biopsy

bone marrow aspirate

32
Q

what are the four stages of hodgkins disease?

A

♣ 1 = one location above or below diaphragm
♣ 2 = two locations above or below diaphragm
♣ 3 = above and below diaphragm
♣ 4 = bone involvement and above and below diaphragm

33
Q

what is the treatment for hodgkins disease?

A 
combination chemo (ABVD)
\+/- radiotherapy
34
Q

what are three ways non hodgkins disease can be classified ?

A

lineage
grades
histological features

35
Q

what lineage of non hodgkins is more common?

A

B cells

36
Q

is high grade non hodgkins disease curable ?

A

yes

37
Q

is low grade non hodgkins disease curable ?

A

no

38
Q

what is high grade non hodgkins treated with?

A

combination chemo

39
Q

what are the two histologic types of non hodgkins lymphoma?

A

diffuse large B cell lymphoma

follicular lymphoma

40
Q

what is the commonest types of histological types of non hodgkins?

A

diffuse B cell lymphoma

41
Q

is diffuse large B cell lymphoma low or high grade?

A

high

42
Q

is follicular lymphoma low or high grade?

A

low

43
Q

what is the difference between lymphoma and leukaemia ?

A

bone marrow involvement in leukaemia

Y3 Haematology (14 decks)

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