Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Haematology > Thrombotic Disorders > Flashcards

Thrombotic Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main risk factors for VTE?

A
  • Immobility
  • Recent surgery
  • Long haul flights
  • Pregnancy
  • Hormone therapy with oestrogen
  • Thrombophilia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What hormone therapy increases the risk of VTE?

A

Combined oral contraceptive pill

Hormone replacement therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are thrombophilia’s?

A

Conditions that predispose patients to develop blood clots and therefore VTE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the most common type of thrombophilia’s?

A
  • Factor V Leiden
  • Prothrombin gene variant
  • Antiphospholipid syndrome (Important)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the more rare causes of thrombophilia?

A
  • Antithrombin deficiency

* Protein C or S deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Who should be assessed for their risk of VTE?

A

Every patient admitted to hospital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What should people at risk of VTE be given?

A

Low molecular weight heparin- Enoxaparin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the possible complications of LMWH (Enoxaparin)?

A

Active bleeding

Existing anticoagulation with warfarin or a NOAC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the non-medical prophylaxis of thrombotic disorder?

A

Compression stockings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the main contraindication of compression stockings?

A

Peripheral arterial disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does DVT usually present?

A

Unilaterally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When would bilateral DVT present?

A

Chronic venous insufficiency

Heart failure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Are bilateral DVT’s common?

A

No- rare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How do DVT’s present?

A
  • Calf or leg swelling
  • Dilated superficial veins
  • Tenderness to the calf (particularly over the site of the deep veins)
  • Oedema
  • Colour changes to the leg
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the 2 main tests for DVT?

A

Well’s score

D-dimer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the Well’s score used to predict?

A

The risk of a patient presenting with symptoms actually having a DVT or pulmonary embolism

17
Q

What does the Well’s score take into consideration?

A

Recent surgery

Clinical findings- unilateral calf swelling 3cm greater than the other leg.

18
Q

When is D-dimer test useful for?

A

Excluding VTE where there is a low suspicion.

19
Q

What type of test is D-dimer?

A

Sensitive (95%) but not specific blood test for VTE.

20
Q

What other conditions can D-dimer be raised with?

A
  • Pneumonia
  • Malignancy
  • Heart failure
  • Surgery
  • Pregnancy
21
Q

What is required for the diagnosis of DVT?

A

Ultrasound doppler of the leg

22
Q

If doppler ultrasound of the leg is negative, when is it recommended to repeat it?

A

After 6-8 days if:
There is a positive D-dimer
The Wells score suggest a DVT is likely.

23
Q

What is the gold standard diagnosis of a pulmonary embolism?

A

CT pulmonary angiogram

24
Q

What other investigation can be done for a pulmonary embolism?

A

Ventilation–perfusion (VQ) scan.

25
Q

What is the first line management of DVT?

A

DOAC- Apixaban or rivaroxaban

26
Q

When would you give a DOAC?

A

Following the diagnosis of a DVT or until the diagnosis is confirmed

27
Q

When should you continue to use a DOAC?

A

When the diagnosis has been confirmed

28
Q

What is the medical management of a DVT if a DOAC isn’t suitable?

A
  • LMWH followed by dabigatran or edoxaban

* LMWH followed by a vitamin K antagonist (VKA, i.e. warfarin)

29
Q

When should you give someone LMWH as an alternative to a DOAC?

A

When they have renal impairment

30
Q

How long should treatment for DVT be continued?

A

At least 3 months

31
Q

What does the length of treatment depend on?

A

Whether the DVT was provoked or unprovoked

32
Q

What is a provoked DVT?

A

Due to an obvious precipitating event e.g. immobilisation following major surgery

33
Q

What is an unprovoked DVT?

A

Occurs in the absence of an obvious precipitating event

34
Q

How long should should a provoked DVT be treated?

A

Stop treatment after 3 months

35
Q

How long should an unprovoked DVT be treated?

A

6 months

Haematology (36 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions