Paraproteins

Question 1

What are paraproteins?

Answer 1

Monoclonal immunoglobulins present in the blood or urine

Question 2

What is the primary role of immunoglobulins?

Answer 2

Recognise and bind to pathogens

Question 3

What shape are immunoglobulins?

Answer 3

Y shaped

Question 4

What do immunoglobulins consist of?

Answer 4

2 heavy chains and 2 light chains

Question 5

What are the 2 portions of an immunoglobulin?

Answer 5

Fc portion

Fab region

Question 6

How is the Fab region described?

Answer 6

Variable

Question 7

What does the Fab region define?

Answer 7

The target binding

Question 8

How is the Fc portion described?

Answer 8

Constant

Question 9

What does the Fc portion define?

Answer 9

The subclass

Question 10

What is the Fc portion defined by?

Answer 10

The heavy chains

Question 11

Which part of the immunoglobulin recognises the antibody?

Answer 11

The Fc portion

Question 12

How many main types of heavy chains are there?

Answer 12

5 main types of heavy chains

Question 13

How many main types of immunoglobulins are there?

Answer 13

5 main types of immunoglobulins

Question 14

What does IgG stand for?

Answer 14

Gamma

Question 15

What is the most prevalent immunoglobulin?

Answer 15

IgG

Question 16

What is IgA?

Answer 16

Alpha

Question 17

What is the function of IgA?

Answer 17

Mucus membrane immunity

Question 18

What is IgM?

Answer 18

Mu

Question 19

What is the function of IgM?

Answer 19

Initial phase of antibody production

Question 20

What is IgD?

Answer 20

Delta

Question 21

What is IgE?

Answer 21

Epsilon

Question 22

What is the function of IgE?

Answer 22

Parasite immunity

Hypersensitivity

Question 23

What are the 2 types of light chains?

Answer 23

Kappa

Lambda

Question 24

What determines whether the light chain will be kappa or lambda?

Answer 24

The B cell randomly selects

Question 25

Where can free light chains be found at low levels?

Answer 25

In the blood

Question 26

What are light chains made in excess to?

Answer 26

Heavy chains

Question 27

How can you detect paraproteins?

Answer 27

With serum protein electrophoresis

Question 28

How does serum electrophoresis separate proteins?

Answer 28

Based on size and charge

Question 29

What are IgM paraproteins associated with?

Answer 29

Lymphoma

Question 30

When and by what are IgM antibodies made?

Answer 30

Made at the start of the immune response by maturing B-lymphocytes

Question 31

What are IgG and IgA associated with?

Answer 31

Myeloma

Question 32

What makes IgG and IgA?

Answer 32

Mature plasma cells generate these immunoglobulins after isotype switching