Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Haematology > Myeloma > Flashcards

Myeloma Flashcards

1
Q

What is Myeloma?

A

Cancer of the plasma cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does cancer of a specific type of plasma cell result in?

A

Large quantities of a single type of antibody being produced.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is multiple myeloma?

A

Myeloma which affects multiple areas of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the pneumonic for the presentation of myeloma?

A

CRABBI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does CRABBI stand for?

A 
C- Calcium 
R- Renal 
A- Anaemia 
B- Bleeding
B- Bones
I-Infections
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How is the calcium level in myeloma affected?

A

Hypercalcaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What type of anaemia occurs in myeloma?

A

Normocytic

Normochromic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is anaemia in myeloma due to?

A

Bone marrow failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What type of bone lesions and bone pain is present?

A

Lytic bone lesions
Pathological fractures
Spinal cord compression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When should you consider myeloma in a patient?

A

Over 60 with persistent bone pain, particualrly in the back or unexplained pathological fractures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What would be raised in myeloma?

A

Calcium
ESR
Plasma viscosity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What would be low in someone with myeloma?

A

Low white cell count

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the mnemonic for the investigations for myeloma?

A

BLIP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does BLIP stand for?

A

B- Bence-Jones protein (urine)
L- Serum free Light chain assay
I- Serum immunoglobulins
P- Serum protein electrophoresis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is necessary for the diagnosis of myeloma?

A

Bone marrow biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What investigation is done to assess for bone lesions?

A

Whole body MRI

CT if MRI not available

17
Q

What would you find on an x-ray of someone with myeloma?

A

Raindrop skull

18
Q

What is a raindrop skull due to?

A

Punched out lytic lesions throughout the skull

19
Q

Is myeloma a curable disease?

A

No

20
Q

What is the management of myeloma for?

A

To control the disease

21
Q

What type of course does myeloma take?

A

Relapsing-remitting course

22
Q

What is the induction therapy for patients who are suitable for autologous stem cell transplantation?

A

Bortezomib and Dexamethasone

23
Q

What is the induction therapy for patients who aren’t suitable for autologous stem cell transplantation?

A

Thalidomide + an Alkylating agent + Dexamethasone

24
Q

What do patients on thalidomide require?

A

Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis with aspirin or low molecular weight heparin

25
Q

What is the management of myeloma bone disease?

A

Bisphosphonates
Radiotherapy for bone lesions
Orthopaedic surgery for bone fractures

26
Q

What are some complications of myeloma and the treatment for myeloma?

A

Infection
Pain
Pathological fractures

27
Q

What is an effect of the paraprotein?

A

Amyloidosis

28
Q

What is amyloidosis?

A

Group of diseases characterised by deposition of the fibrillar protein

29
Q

What is the commonest cause of amyloidosis?

A

Paraprotein or light chain (AL amyloid)

30
Q

What can the amyloid cause depending on where it forms?

A
  • Nephrotic syndrome
  • Cardiac failure
  • Carpal tunnel syndrome
  • Autonomic neuropathy
  • Cutaneous infiltration
31
Q

What is the commonest type of myeloma?

A

IgG myeloma

32
Q

What might you see on a peripheral blood film in someone with multiple myeloma?

A

Rouleaux formation

33
Q

What would you see with protein electrophoresis in someone with multiple myeloma?

A

raised concentrations of monoclonal IgA/IgG proteins will be present in the serum
in the urine, they are known as Bence Jones proteins

34
Q

Wat would you find in a bone marrow aspiration in someone with multiple myeloma?

A

Significant increase in plasma cells

35
Q

What is the now the recommended imaging used in multiple myeloma?

A

Whole-body MRI

Haematology (36 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions