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Haematology > Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma > Flashcards

Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Flashcards

1
Q

What is Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma?

A

A group of lymphomas

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2
Q

What are some examples of Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas?

A

Burkitt lymphoma
MALT lymphoma
Diffuse large B cell lymphoma

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3
Q

What is Burkitt’s lymphoma?

A

High grade B-cell neoplasm

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4
Q

What are the 2 major forms of Burkitt’s lymphoma?

A

Endemic

Sporadic

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5
Q

What does the endemic form of Burkitt’s lymphoma involve?

A

Maxilla or mandible

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6
Q

What does the sporadic form of Burkitt’s lymphoma involve?

A

Abdominal tumours

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7
Q

Who is Burkitt’s lymphoma more common in?

A

People with HIV

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8
Q

Which gene is Burkitt’s lymphoma associated with?

A

C-myc gene translocation, usually t(8:14).

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9
Q

Which virus is associated with the development of Burkitt’s lymphoma?

A

Epstein-Barr virus

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10
Q

What would you find on microscopy of someone with Burkitt’s lymphoma?

A

‘starry sky’ appearance

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11
Q

What does the starry sky appearance mean?

A

Lymphocyte sheets interspersed with macrophages containing dead apoptotic tumour cells

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12
Q

What is the management of Burkitt’s lymphoma?

A

Chemotherapy

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13
Q

How is Hodgkin’s lymphoma differentiated from Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma?

A

Via lymph node biopsy

Present similarly

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14
Q

What are other differences between Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma?

A

Lymphadenopathy in Hodgkin’s lymphoma can experience alcohol-induced pain in the node

‘B’ symptoms typically occur earlier in Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Extra-nodal disease is much more common in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

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15
Q

What are some examples of extra nodal disease that can occur in Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma?

A

Gastric- dyspepsia, dysphagia, weight loss, abdominal pain
Bone marrow- pancytopenia, bone pain
Central nervous system-nerve palsies

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16
Q

What is MALT lymphoma?

A

It affects the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, usually around the stomach

It is associated with H. pylori infection.

17
Q

What is Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma?

A

Presents as rapidly growing painless mass in patients over 65 years.

18
Q

What is the management of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma dependent on?

A

The specific diagnosis

19
Q

What should all patients with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma be given?

A

Flu/pneumococcal vaccines

20
Q

What is the main presentation on non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma?

A

Painless lymphadenopathy-non-tender, rubbery, asymmetrical

21
Q

What constitutional B symptoms can non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma present with?

A

Fever
Weight loss (>10% in 6 months)
Night sweats

22
Q

What extra-nodal symptoms can someone with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma present with?

A

Gastric-dyspepsia, dysphagia, weight loss, abdominal pain
Bone marrow- pancytopenia, bone pain
Central nervous system- nerve palsies

23
Q

What is the classification for staging non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma?

A

Ann Arbor system

24
Q

What is stage 1 of the Ann Arbor system?

A

One node affected?

25
Q

What is stage 2 of the Ann Arbor system?

A

More than one node affected on the same side of the diaphragm

26
Q

What is stage 3 of the Ann Arbor system?

A

Nodes affected on both sides of the diaphragm

27
Q

What is stage 4 of the Ann Arbor system?

A

Extra-nodal involvement e.g. Spleen, bone marrow or CNS

28
Q

What is the staging of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma combines with?

A

A or B- to indicate the presence of B symptoms

29
Q

Does low grade or high grade have a better prognosis?

A

Low grade lymphoma

30
Q

Does low grade or high grade lymphoma have a better cure rate?

A

High grade lymphoma

31
Q

What are possible signs of lymphoma?

A

Signs of weight loss
Lymphadenopathy (typically in the cervical, axillary or inguinal region)
Palpable abdominal mass - hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, lymph nodes

32
Q

Why would you do a biopsy?

A

To differentiate between Hodgkin’s lymphoma and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

33
Q

Why would you test for HIV?

A

Its associated with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (Burkitt’s lymphoma)

34
Q

What might you do to asses stage of lymphoma?

A

CT chest, abdomen and pelvis

35
Q

What can ESR be useful for?

A

Prognosis indicator

36
Q

What are some possible complications of lymphoma?

A

Bone marrow infiltration
Superior vena cava obstruction
Metastasis
Spinal cord compression

37
Q

What can bone marrow infiltration result in?

A

Anaemia
Neutropenia
Thrombocytopenia

Haematology (36 decks)

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