Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

cardiovascular > thrombosis and embolism > Flashcards

thrombosis and embolism Flashcards

1
Q

what is stasis blood flow

A

stagnation of blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is turbulence in relation to blood flow

A

forceful, unpredictable blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what defects occur in blood flow

A

thromboembolism

atheroma

hyperviscosity

spasm

external compression

vasculitits

vascular steal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is vascular steal

A

when the effects of stenosis are exhazarrbated because of excersise and redirection of blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the 3 parts of virchows triad

A

changes in the blood vessel wall

changes in the bloos constituents (platlets, RBCs, WBCs)

changes in the pattern of blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what do virchows triad do

A

the factors causing thrombosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the definition of a thrombus

A

formation of a solif mass from the constituents of blood WITHIN the vascular system DURING LIFE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the definition of a clot

A

formation of mass from the constitiuents of blood

either OUTSIDE the vascular system

or inside the vascular system AFTER DEATH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the factor that causes thrombus formation (thrombosis)

A

changes in the vessel wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are 3 main parts of pathogenesis of thrombosis

A

VIRCHOWS TRIAD

endothelial injury

stasis or turbulent blood flow

hypercoaguablitity of the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what happens to a atheromatous coronary artery to form a thrombus

A

turbulent blood flow, loss of intimal cells,

collagen exposed - platelets adhere, fibrin meshwork RBCs trapped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are examples of the virkos triad relating to change in constituents

A

hyperlipdeamia

hyper viscosity
post- traumatic hypercoagulablity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are some examples of changes in blood flow (virkows triad)

A

stasis - economy class syndrome

turbulence - atheromatous plaque, aortic aneurysm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what do the consequences of a thrombus depend on

A

site
extent
collateral circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the outcomes of a thrombus

A

resolution (small thrombus)

organasation/recanulisation

propagation (forming an embolism)

death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the definition of embolism

A

movment of abnormal material in the blood stream that then gets lodged (inpactation) in a vessel blocking its lumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is an embolus

A

detached intravascular solid, liquid or gaseous mass

18
Q

what are the types of embolus

A

systemic/arterial thromboembolus

venous thromboembolus

fat embolus

gas embolus

air embolus

tumour

trophoblast

amniotic fluid

bone marrow

septic material

foreing bodies

19
Q

what is an example of a embolus caused by a foreing body

A

intravascular cannulae tip, sutures

20
Q

how could a embolism be caused by bone marrow

A

rib fractures

caused by CPR?

21
Q

what whould an amniotic fluid embolus cause

A

mother collapses

can die during child birth

22
Q

what embolus can a pregnant woman get (other than an amniotic fluid embolism)

A

trophoblast embolism

in pregnant women

often in the lungs

23
Q

how world someone get a septic material embolism

A

by infective endocatditits - microorganism vegitations break off and form emboli

24
Q

how would you get a air embolus

A

head and neck wounds

surgery

central venous lines

25
Q

how would you get a gas embolus

A

decompression sickness

N2 forms as bubbles wich lodge in cappilaries

26
Q

how would you get a fat embolus

A

after a major fracture

24-72hrs after fat embolism syndrome - brain, kidneys, skin all affected

27
Q

how wohow would you get a systemic/arteriral thromboembolus

A

mural thrombus (because of MI or left atrial dilatation with atrial fibrillation )

aortic aneyrysms, atheromatous, plaques, valvular vegitations

28
Q

what is a mural thrombus

A

a thrombus that occurs in large arteries like the aorta

29
Q

where do systemic thromboembolus travel to

A

wide variety of sites

lower limbs are most common, brain is common too

30
Q

where would a venous thromboembolus orginitate

A

deep venous thromoboses (lowe limbs)

most common form of thromboemboli disease

31
Q

where do venous thromboembolus thravel to

A

the pulmonary arterial circulation

32
Q

what is a saddle embolus

A

one that lodges at a bifurcation

33
Q

what would happen if tyou have multiple pulmonary embolisms over time

A

pulmonary ypertension and right ventricular failure

34
Q

consequences of a pulmonary thromboembolus depend on what

A

size

35
Q

what are the risk factors for DVT and pulmonary thromboembolism

A

cardiac failure

severe trauma/ burns

oral contraceptive

old age

immobalisation ( bed rest)

obesity

post- operative/ post-partum (giving birth)

36
Q

what are the prophalaxys given for surgical pateints

A

heprin

37
Q

what is rheumatic fever

A

a immunity disorder

inflammatory changes in the heart and joints

common in india, middle east, central Africa

children aged 5-15 years

38
Q

what can rheumatic fever lead to

A

pancarditis (inflammation affecting endocardium myocardium and pericardium)

heart murmours are common

39
Q

what cells are seen in heart in acute rheumatic fever

A

aschoff body

40
Q

what are the pathological problems that result from valvular heart disease

A

valvular stenoisis

valvular incompetence

vegitations - often mitral valve

41
Q

what can Pancarditis in acute rheumatic fever lead to

A

chronic rheumatic heart disease whci presents as valvular abnormalities

42
Q

what is virtulally the only cause of mitral stenosis

A

rheumatic heart disease

cardiovascular (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions