Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

cardiovascular > heart failure > Flashcards

heart failure Flashcards

1
Q

what is the definition of heart failure

A

clinical syndrome

dyspnoea, fatigue or fluid retention due to cardiac dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

when can heart failure occur

A

at rest or on exertion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is heart failure due to

A

LVSD or IHD

left ventricle systolic dysfunction or ischemic heart disease

sever aortic stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the prognosis of heart failure

A

30-40% mortality at 1 year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the general epidemiology of heart failure

A

affects 1-2% of uk population

increasing in prevalence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the symptoms of heart failure

A

dyspnoea
fatigue
oedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the sings of heart failure

A 
oedema
tachycardia
raised JVP
3rd heart sound
displaced apex beat
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how is heart failure diagnosed

A

sings and symptoms

and

objective evidence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the diagnostic techniques for heart failure

A

ECHO

cardiac MRI

radionucleotide scan

ECG? (RARLEY SEEN)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the pharmacological treatments for heart failure

A

diuretics - MAIN ONE

ACE inhibitors
beta blockers

ARNIs (get to the choppa!!!)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what do diuretics do

A

produce more urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the effects of heart failure on LVEV and Co

A

Co might not be lower

LVEF may be lower but not pathologically low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what must you do after determining it to be heart failure

A

dig deeper and get to the root of the cause of the syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what can cause heart failure (aetiology)

A

fibrosis
infiltrate
oedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is chronic HF syndrome characterised by

A

progressive cardiac dysfunction

SOB

fatigue

neurohormonal disturbances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the two types of heart failure `

A

systolic - decreased pump function

diastolic - thickening/ stiffened heart

17
Q

what drugs improve Heart failure symptoms

A

diuretics

digoxin

18
Q

what drugs improve survival of heart failure

A

beta blockers

ivabradine

19
Q

what drugs improve both survival and symptoms of heart failure

A

ACE inhibitors

20
Q

how do beta blockers improve survival

A

by stopping sympathetic action and stopping the increased strain on the heart

21
Q

how does the sympathetic stimulation lead to further heart failure

A

the Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system produced vasoconstriction and salt/water retention

leading to greater pre load and afterload

meaning more work (more volume) and less output (increased afterload)

22
Q

what is digoxin

A

a positive inotrope

23
Q

what does a positive ionotropes do

A

improve the ability of the heart to pump and so improve cardiac status

24
Q

what is the mainstay of heart failure

A

loop diuretics

furosemide

25
Q

what is the problem with loop diuretics

A

cause problems with renal system meaning renal failure to stop cardia failure

26
Q

what does ace inhibitors do in heart failure

A

reduce morbidity and mortality

27
Q

what is the problem with beta blockers in chronic heart failure

A

if the patient is not stable they can die as there HR gets slowed down

DONT USE ON ACCUTE PRESENTATION

28
Q

how does digoxin work - any problems

A

increases the availability for calcium to the myocytes

narrow therapeutic index

arrhythmias

29
Q

what is a rough therapeutic regime for someone with heart failure

A

diuretics

ACE inhibitors

beta blocker

digoxin

warfarin

30
Q

what is warfarin

A

antiplatelet medications

31
Q

why use warfarin

A

Dilated ventricle gives rise to thrombus formation and thrombo-embolic events - warfarin prevents this

32
Q

what is the problems with ACH inhibitors

A

can cause renal failure

cardiovascular (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions