congestion and odema Flashcards

1
Q

what is the definition of congestion

A

Relative excess of blood in vessels of tissue or organ

acute or chronic

passive process

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2
Q

what is DVT a example of

A

local acute congestion

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3
Q

what is congestive heart failure a example of

A

generalised acute congestion

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4
Q

what is hepatic cirrhosis

A

loss of normal architecture altering the hepatic blood flow as a result of serious liver damage

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5
Q

what is hepatic cirrhosis and example of

A

Local chronic congestion

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6
Q

what is congestive cardiac failure

A

Heart unable to clear blood, right & left ventricles

due to an ineffective pump (ischemia, valve disease)

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7
Q

what are the effect of congestive cardiac failure

A

heart cannot clear blood from ventricle

back pressure, blood dammed in veins

pulmonary oedema

liver - central venous congestion (hepatomegaly)

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8
Q

what causes pulmonary oedema in the case of congestive heart failure

A

left heart failure

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9
Q

what is the appearance of hepatic central venous congestion macroscopically

A

nutmeg liver

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10
Q

what is a sing of central venous congestion

A

hepatomegaly

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11
Q

what causes oedema

A

disturbance of the normal microcirculation components

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12
Q

what are the normal microcirculation components

A

Hydrostatic Pressure

Oncotic Pressure

Permeability characteristics and area of Endothelium

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13
Q

what is a transudate

A

due to alterations in haemodynamic forces

fluid that is high in H20 and electrolytes

Low in protein and albumin

low specific gravity

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14
Q

what is a exudate

A

fluid that leaks into inflammatory areas

high in protein/albumin

there still is h20 and electrolytes

high specific gravity

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15
Q

what causes pulpnary odema in the CVS

A

hydrostatic pressure - transudare

LV failure - increased blood vlo - high BP

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16
Q

what happens in the lungs after threre is more interstisial transudate

A

progressive oedematous widening of alveolar septa

accumulation of oedema fluid in alveolar spaces

17
Q

what causes peripheral oedema

A

right heart failure - cannot empty RV in systole

18
Q

what causes Pulmonary oedema and peripheral oedema at the same time - why

A

Congestive cardiac failure

Right and left ventricles both fail

All about hydrostatic pressure

19
Q

what causes a lymphatic obstruction

A

hydrostatic pressure upset

20
Q

what is the name when the lymphatic system is blocked

A

lymphoedema