stroke Flashcards
(27 cards)
what is a stroke
Neurological deficit (‘loss of function’)
lasting over 24hrs
vascular orign
what is a TIA (transient ischaemic attack)
Neurological deficit (‘loss of function’)
less than 24hrs
vascular origin
what are the symptoms of a stroke
loss of power loss of sensation loss of speech loss of vison loss of coordination
what are the two causes of a stroke
damage to the brain by either
blockage of blood vessel by thrombus or embolus
or due to blood vessel rupture and haemorrhage
how can you tell the difference between a ischemic/ haemorrhage stroke
on a CT
ischemic stroke is black
haemorrhage is white
what vessel do most strokes bloc - what does it cause
the middle cerebral artery
most motor and sensory function
what is the % break down of infarction vs haemorrhage
85% infarction
15% haemorrhage
what is the most common cause of a cardioembolic stroke
atrial fibrillation
what are the subtypes of strokes
TACS
PACS
LACS
POCS
what is a TACS
%
what is it due to
total anterior circulation stroke
20% of all strokes
due to occlusion of proximal middle cerebral artery or internal carotid artery
sever symptoms
what is a PACS
%
what is it due to
partial anterior circulation stroke
35% of strokes
occlusion of BRANCHES of middle cerebral artery, one-sided symptoms
what is a LACS
lacunar stroke
20%
pure motor, pure sensory, sensorimotor
often silent and underdiagnosed
what is a POCS
posterior circulation stroke
25%
affecting brainstem, cerebellar or occipital lobes
variable and complex presentation from vertigo to coma
what are risk factors for stroke
high BP
atrial fibrillation
age
race
family history
do stroke units improve outcomes of strokes
yes
how do stroke units improve outcome
mobilised ASAP
concentrate on key things - swallowing (50% of stroke patients)
concentration of expertise
what is the treatment for strokes
thrombolysis
what is the aim of thrombolysis
aim to restore perfusion before cell death
how much neurons are lost in a minute
1.9 million
what is a example of a thrombolytic drug
alteplase
what else could improve outcomes
clot retrieval
what are the contraindications to thrombolysis
age - over 80
recent bleeding
very high BP
what is hemicraniectomy
removal of section of skull
under 48hrs - under 60
people who suferfe acute middle cerebal arter ischaemic stroke
what % of people who have a TIA will have a stroke in the future
33%
