stroke Flashcards

1
Q

what is a stroke

A

Neurological deficit (‘loss of function’)

lasting over 24hrs

vascular orign

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2
Q

what is a TIA (transient ischaemic attack)

A

Neurological deficit (‘loss of function’)

less than 24hrs

vascular origin

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3
Q

what are the symptoms of a stroke

A
loss of power 
loss of sensation 
loss of speech
loss of vison 
loss of coordination
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4
Q

what are the two causes of a stroke

A

damage to the brain by either

blockage of blood vessel by thrombus or embolus

or due to blood vessel rupture and haemorrhage

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5
Q

how can you tell the difference between a ischemic/ haemorrhage stroke

A

on a CT

ischemic stroke is black

haemorrhage is white

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6
Q

what vessel do most strokes bloc - what does it cause

A

the middle cerebral artery

most motor and sensory function

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7
Q

what is the % break down of infarction vs haemorrhage

A

85% infarction

15% haemorrhage

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8
Q

what is the most common cause of a cardioembolic stroke

A

atrial fibrillation

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9
Q

what are the subtypes of strokes

A

TACS

PACS

LACS

POCS

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10
Q

what is a TACS

%

what is it due to

A

total anterior circulation stroke

20% of all strokes

due to occlusion of proximal middle cerebral artery or internal carotid artery

sever symptoms

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11
Q

what is a PACS

%

what is it due to

A

partial anterior circulation stroke

35% of strokes

occlusion of BRANCHES of middle cerebral artery, one-sided symptoms

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12
Q

what is a LACS

A

lacunar stroke

20%

pure motor, pure sensory, sensorimotor

often silent and underdiagnosed

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13
Q

what is a POCS

A

posterior circulation stroke

25%

affecting brainstem, cerebellar or occipital lobes

variable and complex presentation from vertigo to coma

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14
Q

what are risk factors for stroke

A

high BP
atrial fibrillation

age
race
family history

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15
Q

do stroke units improve outcomes of strokes

A

yes

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16
Q

how do stroke units improve outcome

A

mobilised ASAP

concentrate on key things - swallowing (50% of stroke patients)

concentration of expertise

17
Q

what is the treatment for strokes

A

thrombolysis

18
Q

what is the aim of thrombolysis

A

aim to restore perfusion before cell death

19
Q

how much neurons are lost in a minute

A

1.9 million

20
Q

what is a example of a thrombolytic drug

A

alteplase

21
Q

what else could improve outcomes

A

clot retrieval

22
Q

what are the contraindications to thrombolysis

A

age - over 80
recent bleeding
very high BP

23
Q

what is hemicraniectomy

A

removal of section of skull

under 48hrs - under 60

people who suferfe acute middle cerebal arter ischaemic stroke

24
Q

what % of people who have a TIA will have a stroke in the future

A

33%

25
Q

what are some secondary prevention measures for strokes

A

clopidogrel or aspirin
(antiplatelet agents)

statin

BP drugs

26
Q

what is clopidogrel

A

an antiplatelet drug

27
Q

what is a statin

A

a cholesterol lowering drug