cardiomyopathy, pericarditis, myocarditis Flashcards by James Keenlyside

what is dilated cardiomyopathy

when the ventricular function is impaired due to increased size leading to electrical and flow problems

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what causes cardiomyopathy

genetic

inflammatory

toxic

injury

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are the classifications of cardiomyopathy

hypertrophic
dilated
restrictive

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are causes of dilated cardiomyopathy

Alcohol, tropical disease, post partum, endocrine disturbances

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are the symptoms of dilated cardiomyopathy

Progressive, slow onset, dyspnoea, fatigue, orthopnoea, ankle swelling, weight gain of fluid overload,

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are the sings found on examination of dilated cardiomyopathy

poor superficial perfusion

thread pulse

SOB at rest

JVP elevated

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are NSAIDS

Non-Steroid Anti-Inflammatory Drug

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is the treatment for cardiomyopathy

its - progressive and irreversible

but have general measures

reduce salt intake - water retention

correct anaemia

remove NSAIDS

correct endocrine disturbances

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

how would you diagnose dilated cardiomyopathy

Chest X-ray 
chest MRI
repeated ECG
basic bloods 
coronary angiogram

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is the prognosis of dilated cardiomyopathy

generally poor

depends on the cause (peripartum cardiomyopathy best prognosis)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is restrictive/infiltrative cardiomyopathy

its disease of the muscle wall

and inability to fill the ventricle due to reduced compliance

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are the basic evaluations of restrictive/ infiltrative cardiomyopathy

chest x ray
basic bloods , FBC, U and Es

echo

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is the prognosis of restrictive cardiomyopathy

poor

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what general measures should be taken with restrictive cardiomyopathy

limited diuretic use as would make low CVP

anticoagulants

cardiac transplant

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

impaired relaxation

relatively high prevalence - genetic

increasing of the cell (myocyte hypertrophy)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are the symptoms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Asymptomatic for many, fatigue, dyspnoea, anginal like chest pain

what can be found on examination of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

can find nothing

irregular pulse in in AF or ectopic beats

thrills

what are the general measures for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

avoid heavy exercise
avoid dehydration
look at Family history
genetic testing

what are the specific measures for cardiomyopathy

Drugs to try and enhance relaxation - beta blockers

is in AF use anticoagulation medicine (warfarin)

what is heart block

the electrical pulses that control the heart rate are disrupted

what is myocarditis

acute or chronic inflammation of the myocardium

impair the contractility function and conduction (leading to arrhythmias)

what is the cause

many causes

however cause often not found

what is the most common cause of myocarditis

viral infection

what dose the inflammation of the myocardium lead to

heart block (electrical)

heart failure (contractility)

what are they symptoms of myocarditis

heart failure with fatigue SOB

what is in the assessment of myocarditis

ECG is usually abnormal elevated biomarkers (BUT DONT FALL LIKE IN MI) ECHO

what are the general supportive measures for myocarditis

treat bardy/tachycardia and heart failure

what is the prognosis for myocarditis

if it can be treated (1?3) the prognosis is good if not prognosis is fairly bad 54% over 4 years

what is pericardial disease (pericarditis)

inflammation of the pericardial layers with or without myocardial involvement

what are the causes of pericarditis

vast majority are idiopathic /viral key ones bacterial post MI perforation/ dissection of aorta

what are the symptoms of pericardial disease

chest pain with pleuritic features sitting forward makes it better lying back makes it worse fever

what are the sings of pericardial disease

raised temperature pericardial rub

what are the investigations for pericardial disease

ECG ECHO bloods - troponin may be raised if there is myocardial involvement

what might you find on a ECG of someone with pericardial disease (pericarditis)

ST changes PR depression

what is pericardial effusion

abnormal collection of fluid in the pericardial space

what is the general measures for pericardial disease

use antimicrobials if expected infection drain any fluid prom the pericardial space is the re is a suspected pericardial effusion

what are the tests of pleural effusion

urgent echo

what is the treatment of pleural effusion

drainage

what are the sings and symptoms of pleural effusion

obvious - SOB, dizzy, low BP