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Veterinary Anatomy Final Topics > THRC.7 > Flashcards

THRC.7 Flashcards

1
Q

The tracts of the CNS can be divided into…

A
  • Ascending pathways
  • Descending pathways
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2
Q

What are the divisions of the ascending pathways?

A
  • Medial lemniscus
  • Extra-lemniscal system
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3
Q

List the ascending pathways

A
  • Visual
  • Vestibular + auditory
  • Somatic afferent pathways
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4
Q

The medial lemniscus can be divided into…

A
  • Spinal lemniscus (trunk + limbs)
  • Trigeminal lemniscus (sensory nerves of the head)
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5
Q

The sensory neurons of the spinal lemniscus run along…

A

The dorsal funiculus of the spinal cord

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6
Q
A

Decussation of lemniscus

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7
Q
A

Medial lemniscus

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8
Q
A

Cuneate nucleus

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9
Q
A

Gracile nucleus

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10
Q
A

Fasciculus gracilis

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11
Q

Tracts from the caudal trunk + lumbosacral plexus are located…

A
  • Medially:​
    • Fasciculus gracilis
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12
Q

Tracts from the cranial trunk + brachial plexus are located…

A
  • Laterally:
    • Cuneate fascicle
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13
Q
A

Fasciculus cuneatus

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14
Q
A

Optic nerve (CN-II)

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15
Q
A

Thalamus

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16
Q
A

Sensory area of neopallium

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17
Q
A

Medial lemniscus

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18
Q
A

Bulbothalmic tract

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19
Q
A

Spinothalmic tract

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20
Q
A

Pontine sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve

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21
Q
A

Gracile + cuneate nucleus

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22
Q

Where does the lateral-most tract terminate?

A

Nucleus cuneatus of dorsal medulla oblongata

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23
Q

Where does the medial-most tract terminate?

A

Nucleus gracilis of dorsal medulla oblongata

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24
Q

Where does the medial lemniscus join with sensory fibres of the trigeminal nerve?

A

The brain stem

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25
Q

Which tract is formed by the extra-lemniscal system?

A

Spinothalamic tract

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26
Q

Give the termination pathway of the spinothalamic tract

A
  1. Neurons of the dorsal horns (close to spinal root) →
  2. White matter → Ventrolateral funiculi
  3. Thalamus
  4. Some tertiary neurons project more rostrally
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27
Q

Pathway of proprioceptive information to the brain

A
  1. Receptors in tendons + muscles
  2. Dorsal horn → Cerebellum (via spinocerebellar tracts)
28
Q
A

Optic chiasm

29
Q
A

Optic tract

30
Q
A

Optic thalamus

31
Q
A

Visual cortex

32
Q
A

Rostral colliculus

33
Q
A

Pituitary gland

34
Q

Give the pathway of the optic tract

A
  • Eyes → Optic chiasm
  • Optic tract:
  • → Optic thalamus
  • → Rostral colliculus
  • Visual cortex → Rostral colliculus
35
Q

Where is the visual cortex located?

A

Occipital lobe

36
Q

Which system is shown?

A

Medial lemniscal system

37
Q

What is shown?

A

Vestibular + auditory pathway

38
Q
A

Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN-VIII)

39
Q
A

Vestibulocochlear nuclei

40
Q
A

Caudal colliculus

41
Q
A

Rostral colliculus

42
Q
A

Acoustic area

43
Q
A

Medial geniculate nucleus

44
Q
A

Lateral lemniscus nucleus

45
Q

Location of primary neurones concerned with the vestibular + auditory pathways

A
  • Spiral ganglion
  • Vestibular ganglion
  • Cochlea
46
Q

The vestibulocochlear nerve enters the…

A

Trapezoid body

47
Q

Fibres leading to the temporal lobe are associated with which sense?

A

Conscious perception

48
Q

List the descending pathways

A
  • Somatic motor pathways
    • Lower motor neurons
    • Upper motor neurons
  • Pyramidal system
  • Extrapyramidal system
49
Q

Location of lower motor neurons

A
  • Ventral column of the grey matter (Spinal cord)
  • Motor nuclei of the cranial nerves
50
Q

Function of lower motor neurons

A
  • Simple reflexes
  • Controlled by upper motor neurons
51
Q

Location of upper motor neurons

A
  • Neopallium
    • Red nucleus
52
Q

The connection of the upper and lower motor neurons are grouped into which descending pathways?

A
  • Pyramidal system
  • Extrapyramidal system
53
Q

Function of:

  • Pyramidal system
  • Extrapyramidal system
A
  • Pyramidal system: Finely adjusted movement
  • Extrapyramidal system: Coarse movement
54
Q

What is shown?

A

The pyramidal system

55
Q
A

Motor area of neopallium

56
Q
A

Corticostriate tract

57
Q
A

Corticorubral tract

58
Q
A

Striate body

59
Q
A

Red nucleus

60
Q
A

Oculomotor nuclei

61
Q
A

Motor nuclei of the spinal cord

62
Q

Structure of the extrampyramidal system

A
  • Multisynaptic pathways
  • Originate from:
    • Corpus striatum
    • Subthalamic nuclei
    • Substantia nigra
    • Red nucleus
63
Q

Central autonomic nervous system is concerned with…

A
  • Function of inner organs (viscera)
  • Inspiration, digestion, metabolism, temperature
  • Regulated by hypothalamus
64
Q

Pathway of the autonomic nervous system

A
  1. Hypothalamus
  2. Autonomic nuclei of the brain/spinal cord
65
Q

Hypothalamus receives information from almost all parts of the body via…

A

Mesencephalic nuclei

66
Q

Pathways of the central autonomic nervous system

A
  • Visceral pathway
    • Afferent pathway
    • Efferent pathway
      • Sympathetic
      • Parasympathetic

Veterinary Anatomy Final Topics (127 decks)

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