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Psych/Soc > Thoughts and Emotion > Flashcards

Thoughts and Emotion Flashcards

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1
Q

Cognition

A

Wide range of internal mental activities

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2
Q

Perception

A

Organization and identification of sensory inputs

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3
Q

Info processing takes place in ______

A

Cerebral cortex

  • Most evolved part of brain
  • 4 lobes
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4
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Motor control, decision making, long-term memory storage

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5
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Somatosensory cortex

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6
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Visual info

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7
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Auditory + olfactory info, emotion and language

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8
Q

Piaget’s theory of cognitive development

A

Reconciled nature and nurture

- Kids group by experimenting w/ environment

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9
Q

Assimilation (Piaget)

A

Results of experimentation are fitted into preexisting schema

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10
Q

Accommodation (Piaget)

A

New info doesn’t fit previous schema => schema are changed

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11
Q

Sensorimotor (Piaget)

A

Birth - 2 years

  • Learn to use language
  • Think literally
  • Object permanence (things continue to exist when out of sight)
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12
Q

Preoperational (Piaget)

A

2 - 7 years

  • Language, think literally
  • Maintain egocentric worldview
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13
Q

Concrete Operational (Piaget)

A

7 - 11 years

  • Logical in concrete thinking
  • Inductive reasoning (specific => general)
  • Conservation
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14
Q

Formal Operational (Piaget)

A

11 years or older

  • Logical in abstract thinking
  • Deductive reasoning (general => specific)
  • Theoretical and philosophical
  • Don’t care about consequences
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15
Q

Learning theory of language development (AKA behaviorist theory)

A

Language is learned through operant conditioning

- Not innate

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16
Q

Nativist theory of language development

A

Language = innate biological mechanisms

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17
Q

Interactionist theory of language development

A

Interplay b/w environment and innate biology

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18
Q

Broca’s area

A

Speech production

- Frontal lobe (left hemisphere)

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19
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

Speech comprehension

- Temporal lobe

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20
Q

Intelligence

A

Ability to understand and reason with complex ideas

- Adapt to environment

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21
Q

Intelligence Quotient average and SD

A

Average = 100; SD = 15

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22
Q

General intelligence factor

A

Every individual has set level of intelligence (two types)

  • Fluid intelligence
  • Crystallized inteligence
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23
Q

Fluid intelligence

A

Ability to think logically w/o need for previously learned info (critical thinking)
- Peaks in young adulthood, then declines

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24
Q

Crystallized intelligence

A

Think logically using previously learned knowledge

- Remains stable through adulthood

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25
Q

Theory of multiple intelligences

A

Variety of intelligence based on different domains

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26
Q

Sternberg’s triarchic theory

A

Processes, experiences, and cultural environment interact to yield person’s intelligence

  • Analytical
  • Creative
  • Practical
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27
Q

Emotional intelligence (4 components)

A
  • Perceiving emotion
  • Using and reasoning w/ emotions
  • Understanding emotions
  • Managing emotions
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28
Q

Cognitive biases

A

Tendencies to think in particular ways

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29
Q

Functional fixedness

A

Tendency to view objects as having only single function

30
Q

Belief perseverance

A

Hold on to initial beliefs even when rational argument suggests they’re incorrect

31
Q

Overconfidence

A

Information that should logically undermine confidence is overlooked

32
Q

Causation bias

A

Tendency to assume cause and affect relationship

33
Q

Representativeness heuristic

A

Make educated guess about probability of event based on prior knowledge

34
Q

Availability heuristic

A

Assign high likelihood to event b/c highly “available” to conscious thought

35
Q

Fundamental attribution error

A

Attribute others’ actions to internal forces (personality) rather than external circumstances

36
Q

Self-serving bias

A

Attribute own actions to external circumstances

37
Q

Three components of emotion

A
  • Cognitive
  • Physiological
  • Behavioral
38
Q

Universal emotions

A

Fear, anger, surprise, happiness, disgust, sadness

39
Q

Limbic system

A

Connects hypothalamus w/ structures in temporal lobe

- Holds amygdala

40
Q

Amygdala

A

Responsible for emotional reactions of fear and anger

41
Q

Prefrontal cortex

A

Conscious regulation of emotional states

- Critical in temperament and decision making

42
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Regulates autonomic nervous system’s SNS and PNS

43
Q

James-Lange theory of emotion

A

Emotion is physiologically-based

  • External stimulus => physiological response
  • Sequential
44
Q

Cannon-Bard theory of emotion

A

Emotional feelings and physiological reactions to stimuli are experienced simultaneously

  • Not sequential
45
Q

Schacter-Singer theory of emotion

A

Both physiological response and situational cues

46
Q

Motivation

A

Originates from unsatisfied needs (psychological or physiological)

47
Q

Instinct

A

Tendency to perform behavior that leads to fulfillment of need

48
Q

Drive reduction theory

A

People are motivated to take action in order to lessen state of arousal caused by physiological need

49
Q

Incentive theory

A

Motivated by external rewards

50
Q

Cognitive theories of emotion

A

People behave based on expectations of what will provide most favorable outcome

51
Q

Need-based theories

A

People are motivated by desire to fulfill unmeet needs

52
Q

Three major components of attitude

A

ABC model

  • Affective component (feelings about object, person, event)
  • Behavioral component
  • Cognitive component (belief/knowledge about object of interest)
53
Q

Foot-in-the-door phenomenon

A

People more likely to agree to large favor after agreeing to smaller one

54
Q

Cognitive dissonance

A

Conflict b/w internal attitudes and external behaviors

55
Q

Cognitive dissonance theory

A

People have inherent desire to avoid internal discomfort associated w/ mismatch b/w behaviors and attitudes
- Usually change attitudes (easier)

56
Q

Elaboration likelihood model

A

Information processing approach to persuasion

  • How person receives argument
  • Peripheral route processing vs. Central route processing
  • Intentional persuasion
57
Q

Peripheral route processing

A

Individual does not think deeply to evaluate argument

- Minimal knowledge/interest in subject

58
Q

Central route processing

A

Person thinks deeply and elaborates on argument

59
Q

Social-cognitive theory

A

Behavior/attitudes change through system of reciprocal causation

60
Q

Factors affecting attitude change

A
  • Behavior change
  • Characteristics of the message
  • Characteristics of the target
  • Social factors
61
Q

Stress

A

Strain experienced when organism’s equilibrium is disrupted and it must adapt

62
Q

Cognitive appraisals

A

Personal interpretations of situations that trigger stress

63
Q

Primary appraisal

A

Evaluate situation for threat

64
Q

Secondary appraisal

A

Assess personal ability to cope with threat

65
Q

SNS releases ______ and ______

A

Epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline)

66
Q

Adrenal glands release ____

A

Cortisol

67
Q

Incidence of diagnosable psychological disorders

A

27%

68
Q

Dishabituation

A

Return to heightened anxiety after period of habituation

  • Relapse
69
Q

Habituation

A

Prolonged stimulus results in decrease of anxiety

70
Q

Facilitated neurons

A

Elevated resting potential closer to threshold => lower stimulus will lead to depolarization

  • Threshold potential of neuron is not changed

Psych/Soc (10 decks)

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