Cognitive Processes (KA) Flashcards
Exogenous cues of attention vs. endogenous
Exogenous - pop out to us
Endogenous - requires internal knowledge to understand
Shadowing task
Hear different things in both ears => must repeat everything from one ear and ignore other
Broadbent’s early selection theory
Selective filter => perceptual processes
Deutch and Deutch’s late selection theory
Perceptual processes => selective filter
Treisman’s attenuation theory
Attenuator instead of filter
- Weakens but doesn’t eliminate
Priming
Exposure to one stim/experience affects response to another stim
Resource model of attention
Limited resources in attention
Information processing model
Brain is like computer (input, processing, output)
Visuo-spatial sketchpad
Where visual + spatial info is held
Phonological loop
Where verbal info is processed
Dual coding hypothesis
Easier to remember words associated with images than either alone
Explicit (declarative) memory
- Two types
Facts/events that you can clearly describe
- Semantic (words/facts)
- Episodic (events)
Implicit (non-declarative) memory
Things you cannot articulate (procedural memories)
Encoding
Transferring sensory info to memory
Source monitoring
Recall info and forget info’s source
Ebbinghaus
Investigator of decay
- Need to remember after initial stage
Retroactive vs. proactive interference
Proactive = prior learning impairs new
Retroactive = New learning impairs old
Piaget mnemonic
Smart People Cook Fish
Sensorimotor stage
Object permanence
Preoperational stage
Pretend play
Egocentric
Concrete operational
Conservation
Empathy
Formal operational
Abstract consequences
Conjunction fallacy
Co-occurence of two instances is more likely than single one
g factor in intelligence
Factor underlying consistent abilities = theory of 1 general intelligence
3 intelligences theory
Anayltical
Creative
Practical
Fluid vs. crystallized intelligence
Fluid = ability to reason quickly/abstractly
Crystallized = accumulated knowledge and verbal skills
Language theories
- Universalism
- Piaget (kids develop language to describe thoughts)
- Vygotsky (Lang and thought are independent, but converge through development)
- Linguistic determination
Linguistic determinism
- Weak hypothesis (language influences thought)
- Strong hypothesis (Sapir-Whorfian) = language shapes how we experience/understand world
Language development theories
- Nativist
- Learning
- Interactionist
- Behaviorist
- Linguistic relativity
- Nativist (Chomsky, language acquisition device)
- Learning (reinforcement)
- Interactionist (Vygotsky, bio/social factors)
- Behaviorist (operant conditioning)
- Linguistic relativity (cognition/perception are determined by language)
Arcuate fasciculus
- Conduction aphasia
Connects Broca and Wernicke
- Damage => conduction aphasia (disrupt link b/w listening and speaking)
Split-brain patient
Severed corpus callosum
