Cognitive Processes (KA)

Question 1

Exogenous cues of attention vs. endogenous

Answer 1

Exogenous - pop out to us

Endogenous - requires internal knowledge to understand

Question 2

Shadowing task

Answer 2

Hear different things in both ears => must repeat everything from one ear and ignore other

Question 3

Broadbent’s early selection theory

Answer 3

Selective filter => perceptual processes

Question 4

Deutch and Deutch’s late selection theory

Answer 4

Perceptual processes => selective filter

Question 5

Treisman’s attenuation theory

Answer 5

Attenuator instead of filter

• Weakens but doesn’t eliminate

Question 6

Priming

Answer 6

Exposure to one stim/experience affects response to another stim

Question 7

Resource model of attention

Answer 7

Limited resources in attention

Question 8

Information processing model

Answer 8

Brain is like computer (input, processing, output)

Question 9

Visuo-spatial sketchpad

Answer 9

Where visual + spatial info is held

Question 10

Phonological loop

Answer 10

Where verbal info is processed

Question 11

Dual coding hypothesis

Answer 11

Easier to remember words associated with images than either alone

Question 12

Explicit (declarative) memory

• Two types

Answer 12

Facts/events that you can clearly describe

• Semantic (words/facts)
• Episodic (events)

Question 13

Implicit (non-declarative) memory

Answer 13

Things you cannot articulate (procedural memories)

Question 14

Encoding

Answer 14

Transferring sensory info to memory

Question 15

Source monitoring

Answer 15

Recall info and forget info’s source

Question 16

Ebbinghaus

Answer 16

Investigator of decay

• Need to remember after initial stage

Question 17

Retroactive vs. proactive interference

Answer 17

Proactive = prior learning impairs new

Retroactive = New learning impairs old

Question 18

Piaget mnemonic

Answer 18

Smart People Cook Fish

Question 19

Sensorimotor stage

Answer 19

Object permanence

Question 20

Preoperational stage

Answer 20

Pretend play

Egocentric

Question 21

Concrete operational

Answer 21

Conservation

Empathy

Question 22

Formal operational

Answer 22

Abstract consequences

Question 23

Conjunction fallacy

Answer 23

Co-occurence of two instances is more likely than single one

Question 24

g factor in intelligence

Answer 24

Factor underlying consistent abilities = theory of 1 general intelligence

Question 25

3 intelligences theory

Answer 25

Anayltical
Creative
Practical

Question 26

Fluid vs. crystallized intelligence

Answer 26

Fluid = ability to reason quickly/abstractly

Crystallized = accumulated knowledge and verbal skills

Question 27

Language theories

Answer 27

• Universalism
• Piaget (kids develop language to describe thoughts)
• Vygotsky (Lang and thought are independent, but converge through development)
• Linguistic determination

Question 28

Linguistic determinism

Answer 28

• Weak hypothesis (language influences thought)

- Strong hypothesis (Sapir-Whorfian) = language shapes how we experience/understand world

Question 29

Language development theories

• Nativist
• Learning
• Interactionist
• Behaviorist
• Linguistic relativity

Answer 29

• Nativist (Chomsky, language acquisition device)
• Learning (reinforcement)
• Interactionist (Vygotsky, bio/social factors)
• Behaviorist (operant conditioning)
• Linguistic relativity (cognition/perception are determined by language)

Question 30

Arcuate fasciculus

• Conduction aphasia

Answer 30

Connects Broca and Wernicke

• Damage => conduction aphasia (disrupt link b/w listening and speaking)

Question 31

Split-brain patient

Answer 31

Severed corpus callosum