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Psych/Soc > Society and Culture > Flashcards

Society and Culture Flashcards

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1
Q

Biopsychosocial approach

A

Also focuses on health and wellness

Says that biology alone cannot account for intricacies of disease progression

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2
Q

Biomedical approach

A

Focuses narrowly only on physical aspects of illness

Emphasis on genetics and neurological functioning

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3
Q

Social constructionism

A

Human actors construct reality through beliefs and shared understandings/meanings.

Institutional facts exist only as a function of society’s structures/beliefs.

Macro

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4
Q

Symbolic interactionism

A

Focuses on smaller scale of interaction b/w individuals and small groups.

Shared meanings and labels are made through social interactions.

Micro

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5
Q

Symbols

A

Terms, concepts, or items that represent specific meanings by accepted convention

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6
Q

Functionalism

A

Factions of society work together to maintain stability.

Stability

Organism model

Macro

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7
Q

Conflict theory

A

Competing groups act according to own self-interests.

Change

Marx model

Macro

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8
Q

Culture

A

Beliefs, assumptions, objects, behaviors, processes that make up a shared way of life

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9
Q

Material culture

A

Objects involved in a certain way of life

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10
Q

Non-material culture

A

Elements of culture that are not physical

Ex. Ideas, knowledge, assumptions, values, beliefs

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11
Q

Social norms

A

Expectations that govern what behavior is acceptable w/in a group

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12
Q

Social group

A

Subset of population that maintains social interactions

Collection of shared experiences

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13
Q

Society

A

Two or more individuals living together in community and/or sharing elements of a culture

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14
Q

Social institutions

A

Hierarchical systems that bring order to interpersonal interactions

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15
Q

Examples of social institutions

A 
Government and economy
Education
Religion
Family
Health and Medicine
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16
Q

Examples of demographics

A

Age, gender, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, immigration status, education

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17
Q

Fertility

A

Production of offspring w/in a population

18
Q

Mortality

A

Death rate

19
Q

Social movement

A

Group of people who share an ideology and work together toward a specified set of goals

20
Q

Urbanization

A

Increase in proportion of people living in specified urban areas

21
Q

Globalization

A

Increasing amount of interaction and integration on international scale

22
Q

McDonaldization of society

A

Efficiency, calculability, uniformity, and technological control

23
Q

Spatial inequality

A

Unequal access to resources and variable quality of life w/in population/geographical distribution

24
Q

Global inequality

A

Disparities b/w regions and nations in GDP, natural resources, access to healthcare, work available

25
Q

Environmental justice

A

Equal treatment of people regardless of demographics w/ regard to prevention and relief from hazards

26
Q

Residential segregation

A

Local separation of demographic groups into different neighborhoods

27
Q

Social class

A

System of stratification that groups members of society according to similarities in social standing

Tied to status and power

28
Q

Privilege

A

Advantages of power and opportunity over those who lack privilege

29
Q

Prestige

A

Relative value assigned to something w/in a society

30
Q

Cultural capital

A

Non-monetary social factors that contribute to social mobility

How individual “fits in” or “sticks out”

Knowledge, skills, education

31
Q

Social capital

A

Social networks/connections that may confer economic/personal benefit

32
Q

Social reproduction

A

Transmission of social inequality from one generation to next

33
Q

Poverty

A

Insufficiency of goods, wealth, and access to resources

34
Q

Isolation/social exclusion

A

Lack of access to resources

35
Q

Absolute poverty

A

Lack of essential resources

36
Q

Relative poverty

A

Social inequality in which people are poor compared to other members in society

37
Q

Health disparity/health inequity

A

Differences in health/healthcare that occur b/w different groups of people

38
Q

Social epidemiology

A

Contribution of social/cultural factors to disease patterns in populations

39
Q

Exchange theory

A

Behavior of individual in interaction can be figured out by rewards/punishments

40
Q

Rational theory

A

Individual acts to maximize his/her advantages

41
Q

Demographic transition theory

A

Changes in birth/death rate that are associated w/ economic development (industrialization)

Begins w/ drop in death rate => population growth

Followed by drop in birth rate => population stabilization

42
Q

Intersectionality

A

How identity categories intersect in systems of social stratification

Ex. individual’s position in social hierarchy = determined by social class AND race/ethnicity

Psych/Soc (10 decks)

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