Society and Culture

Question 1

Biopsychosocial approach

Answer 1

Also focuses on health and wellness

Says that biology alone cannot account for intricacies of disease progression

Question 2

Biomedical approach

Answer 2

Focuses narrowly only on physical aspects of illness

Emphasis on genetics and neurological functioning

Question 3

Social constructionism

Answer 3

Human actors construct reality through beliefs and shared understandings/meanings.

Institutional facts exist only as a function of society’s structures/beliefs.

Macro

Question 4

Symbolic interactionism

Answer 4

Focuses on smaller scale of interaction b/w individuals and small groups.

Shared meanings and labels are made through social interactions.

Micro

Question 5

Symbols

Answer 5

Terms, concepts, or items that represent specific meanings by accepted convention

Question 6

Functionalism

Answer 6

Factions of society work together to maintain stability.

Stability

Organism model

Macro

Question 7

Conflict theory

Answer 7

Competing groups act according to own self-interests.

Change

Marx model

Macro

Question 8

Culture

Answer 8

Beliefs, assumptions, objects, behaviors, processes that make up a shared way of life

Question 9

Material culture

Answer 9

Objects involved in a certain way of life

Question 10

Non-material culture

Answer 10

Elements of culture that are not physical

Ex. Ideas, knowledge, assumptions, values, beliefs

Question 11

Social norms

Answer 11

Expectations that govern what behavior is acceptable w/in a group

Question 12

Social group

Answer 12

Subset of population that maintains social interactions

Collection of shared experiences

Question 13

Society

Answer 13

Two or more individuals living together in community and/or sharing elements of a culture

Question 14

Social institutions

Answer 14

Hierarchical systems that bring order to interpersonal interactions

Question 15

Examples of social institutions

Answer 15

Government and economy
Education
Religion
Family
Health and Medicine

Question 16

Examples of demographics

Answer 16

Age, gender, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, immigration status, education

Question 17

Fertility

Answer 17

Production of offspring w/in a population

Question 18

Mortality

Answer 18

Death rate

Question 19

Social movement

Answer 19

Group of people who share an ideology and work together toward a specified set of goals

Question 20

Urbanization

Answer 20

Increase in proportion of people living in specified urban areas

Question 21

Globalization

Answer 21

Increasing amount of interaction and integration on international scale

Question 22

McDonaldization of society

Answer 22

Efficiency, calculability, uniformity, and technological control

Question 23

Spatial inequality

Answer 23

Unequal access to resources and variable quality of life w/in population/geographical distribution

Question 24

Global inequality

Answer 24

Disparities b/w regions and nations in GDP, natural resources, access to healthcare, work available

Question 25

Environmental justice

Answer 25

Equal treatment of people regardless of demographics w/ regard to prevention and relief from hazards

Question 26

Residential segregation

Answer 26

Local separation of demographic groups into different neighborhoods

Question 27

Social class

Answer 27

System of stratification that groups members of society according to similarities in social standing Tied to status and power

Question 28

Privilege

Answer 28

Advantages of power and opportunity over those who lack privilege

Question 29

Prestige

Answer 29

Relative value assigned to something w/in a society

Question 30

Cultural capital

Answer 30

Non-monetary social factors that contribute to social mobility How individual "fits in" or "sticks out" Knowledge, skills, education

Question 31

Social capital

Answer 31

Social networks/connections that may confer economic/personal benefit

Question 32

Social reproduction

Answer 32

Transmission of social inequality from one generation to next

Question 33

Poverty

Answer 33

Insufficiency of goods, wealth, and access to resources

Question 34

Isolation/social exclusion

Answer 34

Lack of access to resources

Question 35

Absolute poverty

Answer 35

Lack of essential resources

Question 36

Relative poverty

Answer 36

Social inequality in which people are poor compared to other members in society

Question 37

Health disparity/health inequity

Answer 37

Differences in health/healthcare that occur b/w different groups of people

Question 38

Social epidemiology

Answer 38

Contribution of social/cultural factors to disease patterns in populations

Question 39

Exchange theory

Answer 39

Behavior of individual in interaction can be figured out by rewards/punishments

Question 40

Rational theory

Answer 40

Individual acts to maximize his/her advantages

Question 41

Demographic transition theory

Answer 41

Changes in birth/death rate that are associated w/ economic development (industrialization) Begins w/ drop in death rate => population growth Followed by drop in birth rate => population stabilization

Question 42

Intersectionality

Answer 42

How identity categories intersect in systems of social stratification Ex. individual's position in social hierarchy = determined by social class AND race/ethnicity