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Psych/Soc > Individuals and Society (KA) > Flashcards

Individuals and Society (KA) Flashcards

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1
Q

Fundamentalism

A

Reaction to secularization => go back to strict religious beliefs

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2
Q

Vygotsky

  • 3 main features of theory
A

Sociocultural (social interaction) development

  • Kids learn actively through hands-on processes
  • MKO, Zone of Proximal development, language
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3
Q

3 assumptions of rational choice theory

A

Completeness
Transitivity
Independence of irrelevant alternatives

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4
Q

Self-concept

A

How someone perceives/evaluates themselves

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5
Q

Manifest functions

A

Intended consequences of institutions

Ex. businesses provide a service

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6
Q

Construct validity

A

Whether a tool is measuring what it is intended to measure

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7
Q

Just World Hypothesis

A

Karma

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8
Q

Feminist theory

A

Discrimination
Objectification
Oppression
Stereotyping

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9
Q

Optimism bias

A

Belief that bad things happen to others, but not us

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10
Q

Normative organization

A

Members come together through shared goals

  • Ex. religion groups, MADD
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11
Q

Dependency ratio

A

Compares number of people younger than 14/older than 65 w/ people in labor force

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12
Q

Marx false consciousness

A

Unable to see oppression

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13
Q

Iron rule of oligarchy

A

Democracy => bureaucracy until governed by few

  • Due to hesitancy to give up power
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14
Q

Vygotsky’s 4 elementary mental functions

A

Attention
Sensation
Perception
Memory

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15
Q

Categorical self

A

Existing with others

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16
Q

Latent functions

A

Unintended consequences of institutions

Ex. Schools expose students to new activities

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17
Q

Weak social constructionism

A

Social constructs are dependent on brute facts = basic and fundamental (quarks in atoms)

vs. institutional facts

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18
Q

Mere exposure effect

A

Repeated exposure to something increases our liking for it

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19
Q

Linear regression

A

One-way influence of one variable on another

  • Different from correlation, which makes no assumptions about which variable influences the other
20
Q

Ecclesia

A

Dominant religious organization that includes most members of society

21
Q

Social facts

A

Ways of thinking/acting formed by society that can’t be influenced by any one individual

Ex. Law

22
Q

Kelley’s covariation model of attribution theory (3 cues)

A

Consistency (time)
Distinctiveness (situation)
Consensus (people)

23
Q

World-Systems theory

A

World as a unit, divided into 3 countries

24
Q

Vehicular control

A

What experimental group does w/o the directly desired impact

25
Q

Rogers Humanistic theory 3 components

A
  • Self image
  • Self-esteem
  • Ideal-self
26
Q

Sick role

A

Expectation that lets you take break from responsibilities, but if you don’t get better/return => deviant

27
Q

Small vs. large societies

A

Small societies = held together by similarities

Large societies = people are interdependent

28
Q

Medicalization

A

Human conditions previously considered normal get defined as medical conditions

29
Q

Actor-Observer Bias

A

Similar to self-serving bias

30
Q

Rational choice theory

A

People are not only motivated by money, but also do what’s best to get better

  • Assume people act by weighing costs and benefits, driven by self-interest
31
Q

What happens when ideal self does not match real self

A

Incongruity

32
Q

Existential self

A

Basic, separate/distinct from others

33
Q

Case-control study

A

Observational, 2 groups differing in outcome are compared to find causal factor

34
Q

Ainsworth’s strange situation

A

Why do some have stranger anxiety and others don’t

35
Q

Index of dissimilarity (what do 0 and 100 mean?

A 
0 = total segregation
100 = perfect distribution
36
Q

Kohlberg

A

Moral development

  • Moral reasoning
37
Q

Fecundity

A

Potential reproductive capacity of a female

38
Q

Strong social constructionism

A

Reality is dependent on language and social habits

  • Says there are no brute facts, we just created everything
39
Q

Reciprocal altruism

A

People are more cooperative if they will interact with that person again in future

40
Q

Microculture

A

Only affects limited period of one’s life

  • Ex. girl scouts, soriorities
41
Q

Exchange theory

A

Rational choice theory expanded to social interactions

  • Sexual selection
  • Social selection
42
Q

Incipient stage of social movement

A

Public takes notice

43
Q

Characteristics of bureaucracy

A 
Division of labor
Hierarchy of organization
Written rules and regulations
Impersonality
Employment based on technical qualifications
44
Q

Internal validity

A

Extent to which causal conclusion based on study is warranted

  • Can be impacted by confounding factors
45
Q

Past-in-Present discrimination

A

Things in past have consequences for people in present

  • Brown v. BOE => girl integrated doesn’t feel welcome
46
Q

Projection bias

A

Assume other people share same beliefs we do

Psych/Soc (10 decks)

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