Thorax Region And Airways Flashcards
What makes up the serous pericardium
The visceral pericardium
Parietal pericardium
Within the two would be the pericardial fluid
What is the function of the fibrous pericardium
The outermost layer of the heart
Would stop the heart from expanding too much
What nerve supplies the fibrous and serous pericardium
The phrenic nerve
How many lobes are on the left and the right lungs
3 on the right
2 on the left
What is a pneumothorax
When air would escape from the lungs
What causes the lung to collapse
When the lungs would be released from the walls of the rib-cage
The pleura would become unattached
Can cause collapse
What is a haemothorax
When blood gets into the lungs
What is the thoratic cage
Hard tissues that would not allow the full expansion of the thorax outwards
Consists of 12 pairs of ribs, 12 thoracic vertebrae and the sternum
This would protect the heart and the lungs
What is the function of the serous pericardium
Allows movement during contraction and relaxation of the heart
What epithelium would line the airways
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
What is the area where the trachea would bifurcate
The Carnia
What is the level of the carnia
T4/T5
What is the main muscle in the airways that would allow contraction and relaxation as well as stability
Trachealis muscle
What is the vertebrae level does the oesophagus move through the diaphragm
T10
What is the vertebrae level of the vena cava
T8
What vertebrae level does the xiphoid cross
T7
What is the vertebrae level of the descending aorta
T12
What is the superior mediastinum
Aortic arch, thymus, trachea, thoracic duct, vein (brachiocephalic, superior vena cava)
What is the middle mediastinum
Heart, ascending aorta, pulmonary trunk
What is in the posterior mediastinum
Descending aorta, thoracic duct, oesophagus, vagus nerve, lymph’s
What is in the anterior mediastinum
Remnants of the thymus, lymph’s
What is the long vein that runs up the tibia and crosses the knee
Long saphenous vein
Longest vein in the body
Superficial vein in the leg
What muscle is on the shoulder
The deltoid muscle
What are the muscles on the pectoral
The pectoralis major (superficial)
Pectoralis minor (under the major and attaching to ribs 3,4 and 5)
What cartilage is the thyroid gland mainly
The cricoid cartilage
What is the cartilage above the cricoid cartilage
The thyroid cartilage
Where are the remnants of he thymus
In the anterior mediastinum
What are the bronchopulmonary segments
Each segmental bronchus would to a structurally and functionally independent unit of the lung lobes
What is the fissure that are on the right lung
The horizontal and the oblique fissure
What is the fissure on the left lung
The oblique fissure
What is special about the pleura
Would go 2 vertebrae levels below the lungs
Attaches the lungs to the rib cage
Would be filled with pleural fluid in the pleural cavity that would aid with friction
Where does the respiratory system form from
A bud on the ventral surface of the foregut
What is different about the right bronchus
The right would be more vertical, shorter and wider (opposite from the left bronchus)
Where does the secondary bronchus lead to
The lobes of the lungs
Where does the tertiary bronchus lead to
The bronchopulmonary segments
Right contains 10 segments
Lefts contains 8 segments
What is good about the bronchus being able to divide into different bronchopulmonary segments
If have a tumour is on of the bronchus or one of the segments, you can just remove that segment without having to effect the whole lung
