Limbs And Back Flashcards
What is the dorsal rami
Dorsal (posterior) branch of the spinal nerve
Forms from the root of the dorsal nerve
What is the ventral rami
Anterior division of the spinal nerve
What are the osteoblast,osteocytes and osteoclasts
Osteoblast produce the bone
Osteocytes are inactive osteoblasts that would be in the created bone
Osteoclasts can mineralise bone by enzymes and would release bone minerals
What are he components of the axial skeleton
The skull, vertebrate column and the sternum, rib cage
What are the components of the appendicular skeleton
The bones of the limbs
The pectoral girdle
Pelvic girdle
What is the main vein in the arm, runs along the humerus
The cephalic vein
What produces collagen
Fibroblasts
What is the periosteum
The fibrous outer layer of the compact bone
Would be vascular so would supply nutrients to the bone
What is the articular cartilage
Cartilage that’s on the end of the bones
What areas make up the joint capsule
Synovial membrane
Fibrous capsule
What is the order of the joints from the most movable to the least
Synovial
Cartilaginous
Fibrous (the skull)
What is the growth area of the bone
Epiphysis
What is the area division in the long bones
Proximal epiphysis
Metaphysis
Diaphysis
Metaphysis
Distal epiphysis
What is the cavity of the bones that produces most of the blood cells
Medullary cavity
What are the osteons
That structures that would be within the compact bone
Contain blood vessels and are a circular structure (lamella)
What is the haversian system
The Haversian canals (tubes around narrow channels formed by the lamella)
And the surrounding lamella
What are the small bones in the joints and the ligaments called
Sesamoid bones
What forms the hands and the footplates
The flattened distal ends of the limb buds
What happens during the growth of a bone
The chondrocytes proliferate, grow and then apoptose
What is the reticulum
The thicken deep fascia that would hold the joints together
What is the tenosynovium
A rare tumour that would form in the tendon sheaths (the tissue that would line the tendon)
What causes tendinitis
Swelling or stiffness of the tendons
Where does the median nerve go under in the carpels
The flexor reticulum
What is the main reticulum in the hands
The flexor reticulum (the largest reticulum)
What type of collagen is mainly in the bone
Type 1 cartilage
What is the inguinal ligament
The ligament that is the groin area
What is the femoral triangle
Lies beneath the inguinal ligament
Would also overlay the femoral artery
What is the tissue between the synovial joints and the cartilagous joints
Cartilaginous tissue
What is the internal rotation of the hip
0-45 degrees
What is the internal rotation of the shoulder
0 to 70/90 degrees
What 3 factors would affect the stability of a joint
Size
Shape
Arrangement of the articular (cartilage end) surface
What is the difference between the spine of a baby and an adult
Babies would only have the primary regions (2 primary)
Adults would have the 2 primary and the 2 secondary regions
What is caudia equina
A collection of nerves at the end of the spinal cord
This would the resemble a horse tail
