Limbs And Back

Question 1

What is the dorsal rami

Answer 1

Dorsal (posterior) branch of the spinal nerve
Forms from the root of the dorsal nerve

Question 2

What is the ventral rami

Answer 2

Anterior division of the spinal nerve

Question 3

What are the osteoblast,osteocytes and osteoclasts

Answer 3

Osteoblast produce the bone
Osteocytes are inactive osteoblasts that would be in the created bone
Osteoclasts can mineralise bone by enzymes and would release bone minerals

Question 4

What are he components of the axial skeleton

Answer 4

The skull, vertebrate column and the sternum, rib cage

Question 5

What are the components of the appendicular skeleton

Answer 5

The bones of the limbs
The pectoral girdle
Pelvic girdle

Question 6

What is the main vein in the arm, runs along the humerus

Answer 6

The cephalic vein

Question 7

What produces collagen

Answer 7

Fibroblasts

Question 8

What is the periosteum

Answer 8

The fibrous outer layer of the compact bone
Would be vascular so would supply nutrients to the bone

Question 9

What is the articular cartilage

Answer 9

Cartilage that’s on the end of the bones

Question 10

What areas make up the joint capsule

Answer 10

Synovial membrane
Fibrous capsule

Question 11

What is the order of the joints from the most movable to the least

Answer 11

Synovial
Cartilaginous
Fibrous (the skull)

Question 12

What is the growth area of the bone

Answer 12

Epiphysis

Question 13

What is the area division in the long bones

Answer 13

Proximal epiphysis
Metaphysis
Diaphysis
Metaphysis
Distal epiphysis

Question 14

What is the cavity of the bones that produces most of the blood cells

Answer 14

Medullary cavity

Question 15

What are the osteons

Answer 15

That structures that would be within the compact bone
Contain blood vessels and are a circular structure (lamella)

Question 16

What is the haversian system

Answer 16

The Haversian canals (tubes around narrow channels formed by the lamella)
And the surrounding lamella

Question 17

What are the small bones in the joints and the ligaments called

Answer 17

Sesamoid bones

Question 18

What forms the hands and the footplates

Answer 18

The flattened distal ends of the limb buds

Question 19

What happens during the growth of a bone

Answer 19

The chondrocytes proliferate, grow and then apoptose

Question 20

What is the reticulum

Answer 20

The thicken deep fascia that would hold the joints together

Question 21

What is the tenosynovium

Answer 21

A rare tumour that would form in the tendon sheaths (the tissue that would line the tendon)

Question 22

What causes tendinitis

Answer 22

Swelling or stiffness of the tendons

Question 23

Where does the median nerve go under in the carpels

Answer 23

The flexor reticulum

Question 24

What is the main reticulum in the hands

Answer 24

The flexor reticulum (the largest reticulum)

Question 25

What type of collagen is mainly in the bone

Answer 25

Type 1 cartilage

Question 26

What is the inguinal ligament

Answer 26

The ligament that is the groin area

Question 27

What is the femoral triangle

Answer 27

Lies beneath the inguinal ligament
Would also overlay the femoral artery

Question 28

What is the tissue between the synovial joints and the cartilagous joints

Answer 28

Cartilaginous tissue

Question 29

What is the internal rotation of the hip

Answer 29

0-45 degrees

Question 30

What is the internal rotation of the shoulder

Answer 30

0 to 70/90 degrees

Question 31

What 3 factors would affect the stability of a joint

Answer 31

Size
Shape
Arrangement of the articular (cartilage end) surface

Question 32

What is the difference between the spine of a baby and an adult

Answer 32

Babies would only have the primary regions (2 primary)
Adults would have the 2 primary and the 2 secondary regions

Question 33

What is caudia equina

Answer 33

A collection of nerves at the end of the spinal cord
This would the resemble a horse tail