Bariers and Compartments Flashcards
What are the layers of the arteries
tunica initima (endothelium tissue)
Tunica media (muscle layer)
Tunica externia (vasa vasorum containing the small vessels to deliver the nutrients)
What is the highest to lowest size of the arteries
Elastic
Muscular
Arteriole
What are the layers of the digestive tract
Mucosa
Submucosa
Smooth muscle
Adventitia
What are the layers of the large airways
Puesdostratified columnar ciliated and basement membrane
Lamina propria (containing the connective tissue and the blood vessels)
Fibroelastic tissue (on the base of the LP and would become more muscular as would move down the tube p)
Submucosa (smooth muscle, elastic fibres and seromucosa glands, secrete watery product)
Hyaline Cartilage
What are the types of cartilage and give examples
Fibro-cartilage: intervertebral discs
Hyaline cartilage: trachea, joint surfaces
Elastic cartilage: ears
What are the cells in the stomach
Mucus cells
Oxyntic (parietal) would release the HCL
Peptic cells: release the enzymes
Enteroendocrine cells: release the hormones
What is the structure of the villi
Simple Colomnar epithelium: would be ciliated
Micro villi as well on the villi
Lamina propria between crypts (moat-like regions around the epithelium of the villi) and core of the villi
Enterocytes: cells that would aid wi5 absorption
Stem cells
Goblet cells that would produce mucus
Neuroendocrine cells
Intraepithelial lymphocytes (fighting infection)
What is the difference between the internal anal sphincter and the external anal sphincter
Internal: involuntary that would be automatic, would then be controlled by the smooth muscle
External: voluntary and would then be controlled by the skeletal muscles
Why would the colon need mucus
To overcome friction
What are the layers of the oesophagus
Folded mucosa and Submucosa
Stratified squamous epithelium
Muscle layers (smooth muscle)
The adventitia
What is the interstitium
Layer of loose connective tissue and would be present in all of the branched systems
What are the branched systems in the body
Atrio-ventricular
Lymphatic system
Respiratory
Gastrointestinal
What side is the ascending and descending colon on
Ascending on right
Descending on left
What area has the same structural features as the large intestine
Villi
Both would have the stem cells, goblet cells and the enterocytes (that would aid with absorption)
The large intestine contains the enteroendocrine however like the stomach
What type of cells are in the peters patch (the lymph area within the GUT)
Cuboidal cells
What two types of epithelium would be in the rectual-anal regions
The colomnar and the squamous
Colomnar in the rectum gives rise to the squamous (Anus)
This is the squamocolumnar junction
Why are some epithelium not keratinised
Not exposed to the drying effect from the air and these surfaces would constantly be kept moist
What type of epithelium is in the stomach
Simple columnar epithelium
What are the areas of the small intestines
Duodenum (leads on straight from the stomach)
Jejunum
Ileum
What is the cecum
Pouch that forms the first part of the large intestine
Connects the small intestine to the colon (which is part of the large intestine)
What are the functional and the conductive areas of the airways
Conductive: the trachea and the bronchus THICKER WALLS
Functional: anything downwards from the bronchus (area that conducts respiration) THINNER WALLS
What is the difference between the circular and the longitudinal muscle layers
The inner layer is circular
The outer layer is longitudinal
What additional muscle layer does the stomach have
The inner oblique layer
This allows the churning of the food to create chyme
What nervous system would be in the walls of the gastrointestinal system
The enteric nervous system (or the intrinsic nervous system)
This is the largest component of the Automatic nervous system
Allows the functions of the gastrointestinal tract
What is metaplasia
When there is a change in the type of cells/epithelium that would line a structure
What is intestinal metaplasia
The lining of the oesophagus (or even the stomach) would go to mimic that of the intestines (so simples colomnar)
This can be caused by some foods, acid reflux or inflammations
