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Health Assessment > Thorax & Lungs > Flashcards

Thorax & Lungs Flashcards

1
Q

marks the site of tracheal bifurcation in the right and left main bronchi

A

angle of Louis

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2
Q

The middle R lobe can be osciltated between the __ and __ rib

A

7th and 8th rib

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3
Q

where gas exchange take place

A

Acinus

lower respiratory system

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4
Q

4 major functions of the respiratory system

A
  1. supply O2
  2. excrete CO2
  3. Heat Exchange
  4. PH regulations (7.35-7.45)
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5
Q

At age ___ our respiratory system is fully developed

A

age 20

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6
Q

Infant’s normal respiratory rate is between __ and ___ breaths per minute

A

30-40

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7
Q

Newborns are obligate __ ___. Until around __ months

A

nose breathers until around 3 months old

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8
Q

pregnant females experience a ___% increase in tidal volume

A

40%

increase in deep breathing

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9
Q 
Cough:
yellow-greenish:
blood:
blood tinged, yellow, rustic color:
clear:
non productive:
pink frothy:
A 
bacterial 
tumor, cancer
TB, pneumonia
viral
ace inhibitor
respiratory: pulmonary edema, heart failure
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10
Q

Where do you feel for chest wall expansion? between ribs __ and __

A

T9 and T10

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11
Q

the term for palpable vibrations

A

tactile fremitus

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12
Q

increased tactile fremitus is a result of

A

pneumonia

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13
Q

decreased tactile fremitus is a result of

A

obstructed bronchus, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, emphysema.
Any barrier that comes between the sound and your palm

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14
Q

If you hear dull sounds over lungs that means:

A

fluid or mass

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15
Q

If you hear hyperrosanant sounds over lungs:

A

children (common)

pneumothorax, emphysema in adults

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16
Q

Percussing Diaphragmatic excursion:

A

percuss from bottom of lob until you hear a dull sound. Mark the difference in height
** should be between 3-5 cm**
If above 3-5 cm: pleural effusion

17
Q

Normal breathing sounds:
bronchial
bronchiovesicular
vesicular

A

bronchial: loud, high pitched- short on inhalation, long expiration
bronchiovesicular: medium pitched- heard on both
vesicular: soft, low pitched- long on inhalation, short on expiration

18
Q

Voice sounds (3)

A

Bronchophony
Egophony
Whispered Pectoriloquy

19
Q

Bronchophony

A
  • pt says “99”
    should hear soft sound but not distinct “99”
    ** if you hear “99” exactly: pneumonia, or ^ density of lung tissue **
20
Q

Egophony

A
  • pt says long “E” sound

- if have consolidation: sound like a long “A”

21
Q

Whispered Pectoriloquy

A
  • pt whispers “1,2,3”
  • should sound muffled, no differentiation of 1,2,3
  • if heard clearly: pneumonia or consolidation
22
Q

Forced Expiratory Time should take no longer than ___ seconds

A

4 seconds

** airflow obstruction**

23
Q 
Respiratory Rates:
Newborn
1 year 
6 years
10 years
16 years
adult
A

Newborn: 30-40

1 year: 20-40
6 years: 21-26
10 years: 20-26
16 years: 12-20

Adult: 10-20

24
Q

In children, respiratory sounds are louder in the _____ area

A

bronchiovesicular area

25
Q

Abnormal Findings in chest symmestry (4)

A
  1. Pectus Excavatum- sternum sunken in
  2. Pectus Carinatum- sternum protrudes out
  3. Scoliosis
  4. Kyphosis- outward curvature of spine, chin juts forward
26
Q

Fine Crackles are usually heard in pt’s who have:

A
  • heart failure
  • bronchitis
  • pneumonia
27
Q

high-pitched, harsh, crowing, inspiratory sound caused by partial obstruction of the larynx or trachea.

A

Stridor

28
Q

irregular respirations of variable depth (usually shallow), alternating with periods of apnea. associated with damage to medullary respiratory center or ^ intracranial pressure. (brain injury)

A

Biot’s respirations

29
Q

regular but increased rate and abnormally deep respirations. Usually a compensatory mechanism for metabolic disorder that lowers blood pH.

A

Kussmaul’s respirations

30
Q

Arterial Blood Gases (ABG) measures:

A
  1. pH
  2. Partial pressure of O2 (PO2)
  3. Partial pressure of CO2 (PCO2)
  4. saturation of O2 (SaO2)
  5. bicarbonate (HCO3)
31
Q

the amount of air moved into and out of the lungs with each normal breath

A

tidal volume

500mL

32
Q

designed to encourage pt’s to take deep breaths in by reaching a goal-directed volume of air.

A

incentive spirometry

33
Q

Prolonged use of high O2 concentrations does what to the lungs:

A

reduces surfactant production

which leads to alveolar collapse and reduced lung elasticity

34
Q

an abnormal respiratory condition characterized by collapsed, shrunken, deflated sections of alveoli

A

Atelactis

35
Q

the spoken voice sound heard through the stethoscope, which sounds soft, muffled, and indistinct over normal lung tissue

A

Bronchophony

36
Q

the solidification of portions of lung tissue as it fills up with infectious exudate, as in pneumonia

A

Consolidation

37
Q

(rales) abnormal, discontinuous, adventitious lung sounds heard on inspiration

A

crepitus

38
Q

a coarse, grating, adventitious lung sound heard when the pleurae are inflamed

A

friction rub

39
Q

high-pitched, muscial, squeaking adventitious lung sound

A

wheeze

Health Assessment (12 decks)

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