Eye Flashcards
adaptation of the eye for near vision by increasing the curvature of the lens
acommodation
unequal pupil size
Aniscoria
pupil doesn’t respond to light; doesn’t constrict with acommodation
Argyll Robertson Pupil
refractive error of vision due to differences in curvature in refractive surfaces of the eye
Astigmatism
infection of the conjunctiva
Conjunctivitis
“pink eye”
double vision
perception of 2 images of a single object
Diplopia
tough outter covering of eye
sclera
transparent covering of iris, pupil and interior chambers of eye
Cornea
the middle vascular part of eye that delivers blood to retina
choroid
Part of the retina. Area of ocular fundus in which blood vessels exit and enter
Optic Disc
Part of the retina. Round darker area of the ocular fundus that mediates vision from central vision field and has a part that has the “keenest vision”
Macula (fovea)
Visual Reflexes:
- Pupillary Light Reflex- bring light from side of head
- Fixation- focus on pen light or distant object
- Accommodation- adaptation to near vision
Pupillary Light Reflex (2 parts)
- Direct Light Reflex- constriction of that eye (light being shun into it)
- Consensual Light Reflex- constriction of opposite pupil with other eye
Commonly, babies are given what at birth?
Antibiotics
just incase mom passed on a vaginal infection
Geriatric considerations
- lose peripheral vision
- need glaucoma testing every 1-2 years
- cataracts
- ^ tear production with age
- decreased activity
You’re at a higher risk of developing glaucoma if:
you have a 1st degree relative with glaucoma
Cross eyed
Stabismus
What are the 2 assessments of eye function?
- Snellen Chart- stand 20 ft away and read the letters
2. E chart- same thing but for those who can’t read
Nearsightedness
Myopia
Farsightedness
Hyperopia
Curvature of cornea so that light comes into eye doesn’t focus into the retina (blurred vision)
Astigmatism
What test, test’s for near vision?
Jaegar Card
decrease in power of accommodation (cant see really close.. have to back up)
Presbyopia
Extraocular Muscle Assessment: (2)
- Corneal Light Reflex- reflection of light in same spot on eyes
- Cover Test- have them cover 1 eye. looking for deviation/movement of uncovered eye
How do you test the extraocular muscles of the eye?
Diagnostic Positions Tests: 6 Cardinal Fields of Gaze
involuntary rhythmic movement of eyes
Nystagmus
What 3 layers make up the eye?
- sclera
- choroid
- Retina
a biconvex disc located just posterior to the pupil that helps retina focus light
lens
visual receptive layer of eye where light waves are changed into nerve impulses
retina
____ vision is intact in newborn infants
peripheral vision
the ___ is absent at birth but is developing by ___ months and is mature by ___ months
macula
4 months
8 months
When does an infant establish binocularity and can fixate on a single image with both eyes simultaneously?
3-4 months
most babies are born ___ which decreases by age 7-8.
farsighted
By the age of 40’s a person often has:
blurred vision and difficulty reading
In older adults, the most common causes of decreased visual functioning are:
- Cataract- clouding of lens from clumping proteins
- Glaucoma- optic nerve neuropathy, loss of peripheral vision
- Age-related macular degeneration (AMD)- loss of central vision from yellow deposits (drusen)
- Diabetic Retinopathy- vision impairment
leading cause of blindness in working-age adults 25-74yrs old
Diabetic Retinopathy
a blind spot surrounded by healthy, normal or decreased vision, occurs with glaucoma and optic nerve disorders
Scotoma
Glaucoma is characterized by:
increased intraocular pressure
in the snellen eye test, what does 20/20 mean?
top 20- how far you’re standing from the chart (20ft)
bottom number- the distance at which a normal eye read that particular line
the confrontation test is screening for:
loss of peripheral vision
compares pt’s peripheral vision with your own
in an older adult, failure to pass the confrontation test means:
loss of peripheral vision & gluacoma!
Asymmetry of the Corneal light reflex indicates:
deviation in alignment from eye muscle weakness or paralysis
Nystagmus occurs with disease of the ___ ____ in the ears, a ___ eye muscle, ____ _____, or brain ____.
semicircular canals
paretic eye muscle
multiple sclerosis
brain lesions
lid lag is caused by?
hyperthryroidism
in infants: purulent discharged caused by a chemical irritant, bacterial, or viral agent from the birth canal.
Opthalmia Neonatorum
In older adults, an increased risk of falls and fracture occurs with a distance visual acuity of __/__ or greater
20/25
