Peripheral Vascular Flashcards
Carotid artery is palpated at:
the groove between the sternomastoid muscle and trachea
Brachial artery is palpated at:
antecubital fossa in the elbow medial to the biceps tendon
femoral artery is located under:
the inguinal ligament
deficient supply of O2 caused by an obstruction
ischemia
Arteris:
- ^ pressure system
- carry Oxygenated blood to tissues
a pulse usually lies:
close to the skin and over a bone
the Peripheral vascular system is:
part of the cardiovascular system and consists of arteries and veins
arteries are made up of:
elastic fibers, muscle fibers
are tough and strong
when a patient is walking and they feel pain in their legs:
claudication
what helps the blood return to the heart in the venous system?
- Valves- keep blood from regurgitating backwards
- Muscle contraction- milks it upward
- Breathing- changes in intrathoracic pressure help with movement of blood
Veins:
- low Pressure system
- drain/absorb deoxygenated blood and waste product from the periphery tissues
- lie closer to the surface than arteries
Deep Veins:
Superficial Veins:
- Femoral and Popliteal
- Great Saphenous and small saphenous
Veins drain the ___ blood with its __ from tissue and return it to the heart
deoxygneated, waste products
Because of a vein’s ability to stretch, they are called:
capacitance vessels
People who are at risk for a venous disease:
prolonged standing, sitting, or bed rest
not enough movement in skeletal muscle to push blood back up to heart
Peripheral artery disease is commonly caused by:
- embolism
- hypercoagulable states
- arterial dissection
The great vessels are:
Aorta
Pulmonary Artery
Superior and Inferior Vena Cava
Pulmonary Vein
The lymphatic system does what:
retrieves excess fluid and plasma proteins from the interstitial spaces and returns it to the blood stream
The lymphatic system converge and drain into 2 main trunks, which empty into the venous system at the subclavian veins:
- Right lymphatic duct
2. Thoracic Duct
The Right lymphatic duct is responsible for:
draining the right side of the: head neck arm R side of thorax R lung and pleura R side of heart R upper section of liver
The thoracic duct is responsible for:
rest of body and empties into the L subclavian vein
the function of the lymphatic system is to: (3)
- suck back up fluid and plasma proteins that leak out of capillaries
- form a major part of the immune system
- Absorb lipids from the small intestine
small clusters of lymphatic tissue that are grouped in certain areas of the body
Lymph nodes
Lymph nodes function to:
filter out microorganisms by exposing them to Killer B and T lymphocytes in the lymph. This mounts an antigen-specific response to eliminate the pathogens
Prominant node clusters: (4)
- Cervical- drain head and neck
- Axillary- drain breast and upper arm
- Epitrochlear- drains hand and lower arm
- Inguinal- drain most of lower extremity, genitalia, anterior abdominal wall
Related organs: Spleen
- destroys old RBC’s
- produce antibodies
- store RBC’s
- filter microorganisms from blood
Related Organs: Tonsils
location: palatine, pharyngeal, lingual
entrance to respiratory and GI tracts
respond to * local inflammation*
Related Organs: Thymus
located between the sternum and aorta
- Produce Killer T lymphocytes
Bone marrow: makes killer B lymphocytes
a local inflammatory response will cause lymph nodes to:
swell and become tender
Lymphoid tissue is well developed at birth and grows rapidly until age ___
10-11 yrs
By ___ years of age the lymphoid tissue reaches adult size, swells, then begins its deterioration
6 yrs
Lymph nodes are relatively __ in kids and can be ___ even when child is healthy.
large
palpable
Hormonal changes in a pregnant female cause ___ which ___
vasodilation
which causes hypotension
sometimes in pregnant females, the fetus can obstruct iliac veins and inferior vena cava causing:
^ in BP which can lead to hemorrhoids & varicose veins
when blood vessels grow more rigid with age
Arteriosclerosis
Why would someone with PAD develop muscle fatigue when walking?
blood flow can’t match muscle demand during exercise. leads to fatigue, or pain when walking (claudication)
Restless leg syndrome may indicate:
ischemic resting pain from Peripheral Vascular disease
Risk factors for PVD are:
- diabetes
2. smoking
Aortoiliac occlusion is associated with:
erectile dysfunction
Coolness and varicose veins are associated with:
Peripheral Arterial Disease
*arterial insufficiency
You should avoid what when you have Peripheral Arterial Disease?
compression stockings
further impede blood flow to lower legs
Edema is bilateral when caused by heart failure or unilateral when it results from ___
a local obstruction or inflammation
smoking __, ___, ___. and is the strongest risk factor for PAD
constricts arteries
increases coagulability
promoters inflammation
capillary refill is an index of:
peripheral perfusion
and cardiac output
If your pt has an amputation or bilateral amputation you palpate which site?
femoral
The Modified Allen’s Test is checking for:
collateral circulation: to see if one vessel is occluded or the other.
Pitting Edema:
1+- slight indentation
2+- indentation subsides rapidly
3+- indentation remains for a short time
4+- indentation lasts for several minutes- seeping
If you have swelling but no identations you have __ no ___
edema
not pitting edema
Arterial Deficit Assessment
- ) have pt lie in supine- have pt move feet to drain venous blood and observe skin color
- ) have pt sit with legs dangling off bed: observe for return of color (within 10 seconds)
Malnutrition has distinct skin and nail characteristics, they are:
- shiny, thin, atrophic skin
- thick-ridged nails
- loss of hair
- ulcers or gangrene
what is used to determine the extent of peripheral vascular disease? (PAD)
Ankle Brachial Index
The type of ulcer for arterial insufficiency:
the type of ulcer for venous insufficiency
Ischemic Ulcer
Venous (stasis) ulcer
what should you assess every 4 hours?
- edema
- pulses
Venous ulcers occur usually at medial mallelous bc of ___
bacterial invasion of poorly drained tissues
ulcer on outside of toes, heel, lateral area of the food with no drainage and well defined borders
Ischemic Ulcer
ulcer that have uneven borders with drainage and lesions on inner aspect of the ankle
Venous (stasis) ulcer
