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Health Assessment > Peripheral Vascular > Flashcards

Peripheral Vascular Flashcards

1
Q

Carotid artery is palpated at:

A

the groove between the sternomastoid muscle and trachea

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2
Q

Brachial artery is palpated at:

A

antecubital fossa in the elbow medial to the biceps tendon

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3
Q

femoral artery is located under:

A

the inguinal ligament

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4
Q

deficient supply of O2 caused by an obstruction

A

ischemia

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5
Q

Arteris:

A
  • ^ pressure system

- carry Oxygenated blood to tissues

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6
Q

a pulse usually lies:

A

close to the skin and over a bone

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7
Q

the Peripheral vascular system is:

A

part of the cardiovascular system and consists of arteries and veins

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8
Q

arteries are made up of:

A

elastic fibers, muscle fibers

are tough and strong

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9
Q

when a patient is walking and they feel pain in their legs:

A

claudication

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10
Q

what helps the blood return to the heart in the venous system?

A
  1. Valves- keep blood from regurgitating backwards
  2. Muscle contraction- milks it upward
  3. Breathing- changes in intrathoracic pressure help with movement of blood
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11
Q

Veins:

A
  • low Pressure system
  • drain/absorb deoxygenated blood and waste product from the periphery tissues
  • lie closer to the surface than arteries
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12
Q

Deep Veins:

Superficial Veins:

A
  • Femoral and Popliteal

- Great Saphenous and small saphenous

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13
Q

Veins drain the ___ blood with its __ from tissue and return it to the heart

A

deoxygneated, waste products

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14
Q

Because of a vein’s ability to stretch, they are called:

A

capacitance vessels

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15
Q

People who are at risk for a venous disease:

A

prolonged standing, sitting, or bed rest

not enough movement in skeletal muscle to push blood back up to heart

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16
Q

Peripheral artery disease is commonly caused by:

A
  • embolism
  • hypercoagulable states
  • arterial dissection
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17
Q

The great vessels are:

A

Aorta
Pulmonary Artery
Superior and Inferior Vena Cava
Pulmonary Vein

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18
Q

The lymphatic system does what:

A

retrieves excess fluid and plasma proteins from the interstitial spaces and returns it to the blood stream

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19
Q

The lymphatic system converge and drain into 2 main trunks, which empty into the venous system at the subclavian veins:

A
  1. Right lymphatic duct

2. Thoracic Duct

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20
Q

The Right lymphatic duct is responsible for:

A 
draining the right side of the:
head
neck
arm
R side of thorax
R lung and pleura
R side of heart
R upper section of liver
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21
Q

The thoracic duct is responsible for:

A

rest of body and empties into the L subclavian vein

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22
Q

the function of the lymphatic system is to: (3)

A
  1. suck back up fluid and plasma proteins that leak out of capillaries
  2. form a major part of the immune system
  3. Absorb lipids from the small intestine
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23
Q

small clusters of lymphatic tissue that are grouped in certain areas of the body

A

Lymph nodes

24
Q

Lymph nodes function to:

A

filter out microorganisms by exposing them to Killer B and T lymphocytes in the lymph. This mounts an antigen-specific response to eliminate the pathogens

25
Q

Prominant node clusters: (4)

A
  1. Cervical- drain head and neck
  2. Axillary- drain breast and upper arm
  3. Epitrochlear- drains hand and lower arm
  4. Inguinal- drain most of lower extremity, genitalia, anterior abdominal wall
26
Q

Related organs: Spleen

A
  • destroys old RBC’s
  • produce antibodies
  • store RBC’s
  • filter microorganisms from blood
27
Q

Related Organs: Tonsils

A

location: palatine, pharyngeal, lingual
entrance to respiratory and GI tracts

respond to * local inflammation*

28
Q

Related Organs: Thymus

A

located between the sternum and aorta
- Produce Killer T lymphocytes
Bone marrow: makes killer B lymphocytes

29
Q

a local inflammatory response will cause lymph nodes to:

A

swell and become tender

30
Q

Lymphoid tissue is well developed at birth and grows rapidly until age ___

A

10-11 yrs

31
Q

By ___ years of age the lymphoid tissue reaches adult size, swells, then begins its deterioration

A

6 yrs

32
Q

Lymph nodes are relatively __ in kids and can be ___ even when child is healthy.

A

large

palpable

33
Q

Hormonal changes in a pregnant female cause ___ which ___

A

vasodilation

which causes hypotension

34
Q

sometimes in pregnant females, the fetus can obstruct iliac veins and inferior vena cava causing:

A

^ in BP which can lead to hemorrhoids & varicose veins

35
Q

when blood vessels grow more rigid with age

A

Arteriosclerosis

36
Q

Why would someone with PAD develop muscle fatigue when walking?

A

blood flow can’t match muscle demand during exercise. leads to fatigue, or pain when walking (claudication)

37
Q

Restless leg syndrome may indicate:

A

ischemic resting pain from Peripheral Vascular disease

38
Q

Risk factors for PVD are:

A
  1. diabetes

2. smoking

39
Q

Aortoiliac occlusion is associated with:

A

erectile dysfunction

40
Q

Coolness and varicose veins are associated with:

A

Peripheral Arterial Disease

*arterial insufficiency

41
Q

You should avoid what when you have Peripheral Arterial Disease?

A

compression stockings

further impede blood flow to lower legs

42
Q

Edema is bilateral when caused by heart failure or unilateral when it results from ___

A

a local obstruction or inflammation

43
Q

smoking __, ___, ___. and is the strongest risk factor for PAD

A

constricts arteries
increases coagulability
promoters inflammation

44
Q

capillary refill is an index of:

A

peripheral perfusion

and cardiac output

45
Q

If your pt has an amputation or bilateral amputation you palpate which site?

A

femoral

46
Q

The Modified Allen’s Test is checking for:

A

collateral circulation: to see if one vessel is occluded or the other.

47
Q

Pitting Edema:

A

1+- slight indentation
2+- indentation subsides rapidly
3+- indentation remains for a short time
4+- indentation lasts for several minutes- seeping

48
Q

If you have swelling but no identations you have __ no ___

A

edema

not pitting edema

49
Q

Arterial Deficit Assessment

A
  1. ) have pt lie in supine- have pt move feet to drain venous blood and observe skin color
  2. ) have pt sit with legs dangling off bed: observe for return of color (within 10 seconds)
50
Q

Malnutrition has distinct skin and nail characteristics, they are:

A
  • shiny, thin, atrophic skin
  • thick-ridged nails
  • loss of hair
  • ulcers or gangrene
51
Q

what is used to determine the extent of peripheral vascular disease? (PAD)

A

Ankle Brachial Index

52
Q

The type of ulcer for arterial insufficiency:

the type of ulcer for venous insufficiency

A

Ischemic Ulcer

Venous (stasis) ulcer

53
Q

what should you assess every 4 hours?

A
  • edema

- pulses

54
Q

Venous ulcers occur usually at medial mallelous bc of ___

A

bacterial invasion of poorly drained tissues

55
Q

ulcer on outside of toes, heel, lateral area of the food with no drainage and well defined borders

A

Ischemic Ulcer

56
Q

ulcer that have uneven borders with drainage and lesions on inner aspect of the ankle

A

Venous (stasis) ulcer

Health Assessment (12 decks)

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