Peripheral Vascular

Question 1

Carotid artery is palpated at:

Answer 1

the groove between the sternomastoid muscle and trachea

Question 2

Brachial artery is palpated at:

Answer 2

antecubital fossa in the elbow medial to the biceps tendon

Question 3

femoral artery is located under:

Answer 3

the inguinal ligament

Question 4

deficient supply of O2 caused by an obstruction

Answer 4

ischemia

Question 5

Arteris:

Answer 5

• ^ pressure system

- carry Oxygenated blood to tissues

Question 6

a pulse usually lies:

Answer 6

close to the skin and over a bone

Question 7

the Peripheral vascular system is:

Answer 7

part of the cardiovascular system and consists of arteries and veins

Question 8

arteries are made up of:

Answer 8

elastic fibers, muscle fibers

are tough and strong

Question 9

when a patient is walking and they feel pain in their legs:

Answer 9

claudication

Question 10

what helps the blood return to the heart in the venous system?

Answer 10

1. Valves- keep blood from regurgitating backwards
2. Muscle contraction- milks it upward
3. Breathing- changes in intrathoracic pressure help with movement of blood

Question 11

Veins:

Answer 11

• low Pressure system
• drain/absorb deoxygenated blood and waste product from the periphery tissues
• lie closer to the surface than arteries

Question 12

Deep Veins:

Superficial Veins:

Answer 12

• Femoral and Popliteal

- Great Saphenous and small saphenous

Question 13

Veins drain the ___ blood with its __ from tissue and return it to the heart

Answer 13

deoxygneated, waste products

Question 14

Because of a vein’s ability to stretch, they are called:

Answer 14

capacitance vessels

Question 15

People who are at risk for a venous disease:

Answer 15

prolonged standing, sitting, or bed rest

not enough movement in skeletal muscle to push blood back up to heart

Question 16

Peripheral artery disease is commonly caused by:

Answer 16

• embolism
• hypercoagulable states
• arterial dissection

Question 17

The great vessels are:

Answer 17

Aorta
Pulmonary Artery
Superior and Inferior Vena Cava
Pulmonary Vein

Question 18

The lymphatic system does what:

Answer 18

retrieves excess fluid and plasma proteins from the interstitial spaces and returns it to the blood stream

Question 19

The lymphatic system converge and drain into 2 main trunks, which empty into the venous system at the subclavian veins:

Answer 19

1. Right lymphatic duct

2. Thoracic Duct

Question 20

The Right lymphatic duct is responsible for:

Answer 20

draining the right side of the:
head
neck
arm
R side of thorax
R lung and pleura
R side of heart
R upper section of liver

Question 21

The thoracic duct is responsible for:

Answer 21

rest of body and empties into the L subclavian vein

Question 22

the function of the lymphatic system is to: (3)

Answer 22

1. suck back up fluid and plasma proteins that leak out of capillaries
2. form a major part of the immune system
3. Absorb lipids from the small intestine

Question 23

small clusters of lymphatic tissue that are grouped in certain areas of the body

Answer 23

Lymph nodes

Question 24

Lymph nodes function to:

Answer 24

filter out microorganisms by exposing them to Killer B and T lymphocytes in the lymph. This mounts an antigen-specific response to eliminate the pathogens

Question 25

Prominant node clusters: (4)

Answer 25

1. Cervical- drain head and neck 2. Axillary- drain breast and upper arm 3. Epitrochlear- drains hand and lower arm 4. Inguinal- drain most of lower extremity, genitalia, anterior abdominal wall

Question 26

Related organs: Spleen

Answer 26

- destroys old RBC's - produce antibodies - store RBC's - filter microorganisms from blood

Question 27

Related Organs: Tonsils

Answer 27

location: palatine, pharyngeal, lingual entrance to respiratory and GI tracts respond to * local inflammation*

Question 28

Related Organs: Thymus

Answer 28

located between the sternum and aorta - Produce Killer T lymphocytes Bone marrow: makes killer B lymphocytes

Question 29

a local inflammatory response will cause lymph nodes to:

Answer 29

swell and become tender

Question 30

Lymphoid tissue is well developed at birth and grows rapidly until age ___

Answer 30

10-11 yrs

Question 31

By ___ years of age the lymphoid tissue reaches adult size, swells, then begins its deterioration

Answer 31

6 yrs

Question 32

Lymph nodes are relatively __ in kids and can be ___ even when child is healthy.

Answer 32

large | palpable

Question 33

Hormonal changes in a pregnant female cause ___ which ___

Answer 33

vasodilation | which causes hypotension

Question 34

sometimes in pregnant females, the fetus can obstruct iliac veins and inferior vena cava causing:

Answer 34

^ in BP which can lead to hemorrhoids & varicose veins

Question 35

when blood vessels grow more rigid with age

Answer 35

Arteriosclerosis

Question 36

Why would someone with PAD develop muscle fatigue when walking?

Answer 36

blood flow can't match muscle demand during exercise. leads to fatigue, or pain when walking (claudication)

Question 37

Restless leg syndrome may indicate:

Answer 37

ischemic resting pain from Peripheral Vascular disease

Question 38

Risk factors for PVD are:

Answer 38

1. diabetes | 2. smoking

Question 39

Aortoiliac occlusion is associated with:

Answer 39

erectile dysfunction

Question 40

Coolness and varicose veins are associated with:

Answer 40

Peripheral Arterial Disease | *arterial insufficiency

Question 41

You should avoid what when you have Peripheral Arterial Disease?

Answer 41

compression stockings | further impede blood flow to lower legs

Question 42

Edema is bilateral when caused by heart failure or unilateral when it results from ___

Answer 42

a local obstruction or inflammation

Question 43

smoking __, ___, ___. and is the strongest risk factor for PAD

Answer 43

constricts arteries increases coagulability promoters inflammation

Question 44

capillary refill is an index of:

Answer 44

peripheral perfusion | and cardiac output

Question 45

If your pt has an amputation or bilateral amputation you palpate which site?

Answer 45

femoral

Question 46

The Modified Allen's Test is checking for:

Answer 46

collateral circulation: to see if one vessel is occluded or the other.

Question 47

Pitting Edema:

Answer 47

1+- slight indentation 2+- indentation subsides rapidly 3+- indentation remains for a short time 4+- indentation lasts for several minutes- seeping

Question 48

If you have swelling but no identations you have __ no ___

Answer 48

edema | not pitting edema

Question 49

Arterial Deficit Assessment

Answer 49

1. ) have pt lie in supine- have pt move feet to drain venous blood and observe skin color 2. ) have pt sit with legs dangling off bed: observe for return of color (within 10 seconds)

Question 50

Malnutrition has distinct skin and nail characteristics, they are:

Answer 50

- shiny, thin, atrophic skin - thick-ridged nails - loss of hair - ulcers or gangrene

Question 51

what is used to determine the extent of peripheral vascular disease? (PAD)

Answer 51

Ankle Brachial Index

Question 52

The type of ulcer for arterial insufficiency: | the type of ulcer for venous insufficiency

Answer 52

Ischemic Ulcer | Venous (stasis) ulcer

Question 53

what should you assess every 4 hours?

Answer 53

- edema | - pulses

Question 54

Venous ulcers occur usually at medial mallelous bc of ___

Answer 54

bacterial invasion of poorly drained tissues

Question 55

ulcer on outside of toes, heel, lateral area of the food with no drainage and well defined borders

Answer 55

Ischemic Ulcer

Question 56

ulcer that have uneven borders with drainage and lesions on inner aspect of the ankle

Answer 56

Venous (stasis) ulcer