EXAM 3 Flashcards
Non-synovial joints
Non moveable joints
Synovial Joints
Moveable joints
Cartilage joints
Provides cushion for bones
Bursa
Enclosed sac filled with fluid
Moving a joint in a circular motion
Circumspection
Subjective Data (5)
- Joints- Pain/stiffness, swelling, redness/heat, movement, limitation
- Muscles- Pain/cramping, weakness
- Bones- Pain, deformity, trauma
- Functional Ability- is the client safe to live independently>
- Self-Care Behavior- exercise, occupational risk
For infants and children, what musculoskeletal considerations should you consider:
Milestones
Broken bones
Bone deformity
For adolescents, what musculoskeletal considerations should you be aware of:
School sports
For the Aging Adult, what musculoskeletal considerations should you be aware of:
Self-care deficit
Safety risk
Loss of function
there are ___ vertebrae
33
Cartilage begins to form at ___ months gestation
3 months gestation
growth plates close at __ years old
20 years old
the aging adult is at risk for:
- osteoporosis- common in women bc of estrogen loss and menopause
- bone degeneration from lack of vitamin D & calcium
joint pain that occurs later in the day and worsens as the day progresses. Cartilage wears down and causes bone to rub together
Osteoarthritis
When antibodies attack healthy tissue and cells. Affects several organs in the body
Rheumatoid Arthritis
fluid within a joint
effusion
Deformities of the musculoskeletal system (4)
- Dislocation- 1 or more joints out of position
- Subluxation- partial dislocation
- Contracture- shortening of the muscle (limited ROM)
- Ankylosis- excess fluid on joint makes stiff
When palpating each joint, what should you be feeling for?
- temp
- muscle attachment
- bony articulations
- Joint Capsule (feeling for crepitus)
Palpable fluid is abnormal and feels ____
boggy
Range of Motion can be:
- Active- (preferred)
2. Passive
Grades of ROM
- (5)- full ROM against resistance
- (4)- full ROM against gravity; some resistance (75%)
- (3)- full ROM with gravity (50%)
- (2)-full ROM without gravity (Passive ROM) (25%)
- (1)- slight contraction (10%)
- (0)- no contraction
What are the 2 tests for carpal tunnel?
- Phalen’s test- hold back of hands together @ 90 degrees
2. Tinel Test- press down on carpal nerve of wrist
What test assesses for any fluid in the patella/knee joint?
Ballottement of the patella
R hand push patella sharply against femur
what you suspect a patient has a herniated disc, what test do you do?
Straight leg raise
70 degrees
When checking for hip dislocation in infants, what 2 tests do you do?
- Allis Test- feet on floor, knees flexed. (see a height difference)
- Ortolani’s maneuver- abduction, adduction of hips (popping or hip dislocation)
what is common in children that have rickets or vitamin D deficiency?
Lordosis
What is the difference between Genu Varum and Genu Valgum
Varum- “bow legged” usually resolves over time, don’t need corrective action
Valgum- “knock kneed” as child grows it should resolve
Genu Valgum occurs between ___ and ___ years old
2-3.5 yrs old
What are the 2 biggest considerations you need to take into account in pregnancy
- Lordosis- anterior flexion, kyphosis, slumped shoulders
2. Waddling gait- relaxation of pelvic girdle, protuberant abdomen
Aging adult considerations for musculoskeletal system
decrease in height changes in posture kyphosis prominent bony prominences arthritic changes
Osteoarthritis
- unilateral
- noninflammatory
- Heberden and Bouchard’s nodes
nodes on the middle knuckle
Bouchard’s nodes
nodes on the distal knuckle (closest to nail bed)
Heberden’s nodes
Rheumatoid Arthritis
systemic, bilateral (happens on both sides)
swan neck fingers
boutonnier deformity
ulnar deviation
caused by a renal insufficiency and buildup of uric acid
gout
