Exam 1- Heart/vessels

Question 1

the top of the heart is called the:

the bottom of the heart is the:

Answer 1

base

apex

Question 2

Layers of the heart

Answer 2

Pericardium- fibrous outermost sac containing fluid
Epicardium- thing, outermost layer of the heart
Myocardium- muscle
Endocardium- inner surface

Question 3

rhythmic movement of blood through the heart

Answer 3

cardiac cycle

Question 4

S1
S2
S3
S4

Answer 4

S1- Atrioventricular valves shut (tri and bicuspid)
S2- Semilunar valves shut (pulmonic and aortic)
S3- abnormal sound heard after S2 can be normal in kid
S4- abnormal sound heard before S1

Question 5

if you hear a S3 what should you immediately do to the patient?

Answer 5

put them into the L lateral position and listen to heart with BELL side

Question 6

what is a murmur?

Answer 6

a gentle, blowing swooshing sound

Question 7

Stroke volume

Afterload

Answer 7

• amount of blood ejected with each beat

- resistance the heart gets against when contracting

Question 8

when checking for conjestive heart failure what are the main signs?

Answer 8

1. Dyspnea
2. Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND)
3. Orthopnea ( sleeping upright)

Question 9

coughing up blood, or blood stained mucus is called:

Answer 9

hemoptysis

Question 10

acute chest pain that occurs when myocardial demand exceeds its oxygen supply

Answer 10

angina pectoris

Question 11

caused by inflammation of the pericardium. High-pitched and scratchy like sandpaper being rubbed

Answer 11

Pericardial Friction Rub

Question 12

Blowing, swooshing sound that occurs due to turbulent blood flow in the heart or great vessels

Answer 12

murmur

Question 13

An abnormal sound that Indicates atrial septal defect and occurs after foramen ovale and septum have closed

Answer 13

Split S2

Question 14

If you suspect that the venous pressure is elevated or suspect heart failure, you should perform what exam?

Answer 14

Hepatojugular Reflux

Question 15

If a vein is 4-5cm when performing the hepatojugular reflux test, then its positive for:

Answer 15

jugular distention

Question 16

the jugular venous pulse reflects activity of the:

Answer 16

right side of the heart

Question 17

Carotid arteries: (3)

Answer 17

1. Most accessible of arteries closest to heart
2. tells about activity on the let side of the heart
3. assess for bruit

Question 18

coughing up blood tinged sputum

Answer 18

Hemoptysis

Question 19

sleeping in an upright position in order to not feel short of breathe due to a heart issue

Answer 19

orthopnea

Question 20

“clenched fist” chest pain

Answer 20

Angina

Question 21

Pregnant female:

Answer 21

1. Blood volume % increases
2. Cardiac output increases
3. Peripheral Vasodilation

Question 22

A pregnant females pulse ^ by __-___ beats/minute

Answer 22

10-15 beats/minute

Question 23

Infants have two distinct features in their hearts that are distinguished (2)

Answer 23

1. Foramen Ovale

2. Ductus Arteriosus

Question 24

opening between right and left atrium which allows blood to go straight across

Answer 24

Foramen Ovale

Question 25

Connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta. Should close within 10-15 hours of birth.

Answer 25

Ductus Arteriosis

Question 26

amount of blood ejected with each beat

Answer 26

stroke volume

Question 27

resistance the heart goes against when contracting

Answer 27

Afterload

Question 28

Electrical Conduction pathway of heart

Answer 28

1. SA node
2 AV node
3. Bundle of his
4. R/L bundle branches
5. Purkinje Fibers
6. Ventricles

Question 29

S3 is normal when heard in:

and abnormal when heard in:

Answer 29

normal: children, adults 35 and younger, and 3rd trimester pregnancy
abnormal: older adults- indicates heart failure

Question 30

S4 is heard just before: ___

Answer 30

S1

Question 31

Split S2

Answer 31

when one valve closes slightly faster than the other. Nothing to be alarmed about

Question 32

Layers of the heart:

Answer 32

1. Pericardium
2. Epicardium
3. Myocardium
4. Endocardium