Skin, Hair & nails Flashcards
largest organ on your body
skin
3 layers of skin:
- Epidermis
- Dermis
- Subcutaneous
Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous
E: outer layer, sheds every 4 weeks
D: connective & elastic tissue. Nerves, blood vessels & lymphatic system
S: fat
2 techniques for examining skin:
- Inspection
2. Palpation
Skin purposes:
- protection from water loss
- sensory: touch, pain, heat, cold, pressure
- Largest organ of body
- emotional state, vitamin D, cholesterol etc
Fine, downy hair present at birth
Lanugo
a cheesy substance that babies come out of vagina with. Prevents water loss & protects infants skin from amniotic fluid
Vernix Caseosa
dark line thats midline on abdomen of pregnant woman
linea nigra
Chloasma
hyperpigmentation on facial area of pregnant females due to changes in hormones
Striae Gravidarum
Medical term for stretch marks
Bruising caused by mild trauma in older adults
senile purpura
Xerosis
excessively dry skin thats common in hypothyroid patients
Excessive sweating (diapharesis) is common in pat’s who have:
hyperthyroidism menopause pt MI pt Withdrawal pt Infection
what to look for on skin upon inspection & palpation:
- Color- pigmentation & color changes
- Temp- hypo or hyperthermia
- moisture- sweating or dehydration
- texture
- thickness
- edema
- mobility and tugor
- vascularity or bruising
type of lesion that shows up on unaltered skin
primary lesion
type of lesion that comes from an infection or scratching of skin
Secondary lesion
flat skin lesion (less than 1cm) with only a color change ex: freckles
Macule
Palpable skin lesion smaller than (1cm or less) Ex: Wart
Papule
Macule that is >1cm. Ex: Magnolia spot
Patch
skin lesion in which papules coalesce or come together (wider than 1cm). Ex: Psoriasis
Plaque
Hard or soft lesion that is elevated and greater than 1cm. Ex: Fibroma
Nodule
Irregular shaped, raised red, skin lesion due to interstitial fluid Ex: Mosquito bite
Wheal
Urticaria
(hives)
reaction to meds
Blister
Vesicle
Bulla
contact dermititis
fluid filled cavity
Cyst
Acne with puss in it or abcess
Pustule
Types of purpuric lesions:
- Petechiae
- Purpura
- Hematoma
- Ecchymosis
Type of Purpuric lesion: less than 2mm, round, discrete, dark red, and don’t blanch. From an infection and abnormal clotting
Petechiae
Type of Purpuric lesion: Extensive patches of petechiae, don’t blanch.
Purpura
Type of Purpuric lesion: Trauma induced; bleeding and liver disorders. Various color changes depending on stage of healing.
Ecchymosis
Secondary lesions are due to:
scratching or infection
ex: crust, scale, fissure, erosion, ulcer, excoration, keloid, Lichenification
- Shallow depression in skin. Superficial blister that’s burst
- Deep depression in skin that extends into dermis. irregular shaped
Erosion
Ulcer
What happens to a pt’s mouth when they have too much saliva (usually from dentures)
Fissure in corners of mouth
tightly packed set of papules that makes skin becomes thick. Usually seen in older adults. Caused by excessive scratching
Lichenification
How do you identify suspicious lesions?
A,B,C,D,E's Asymmetry Border irregularity Color varied Diameter larger Elevated
Infant skin development considerations:
- Mongolian Spot- dark birthmark
- Cafe au lait- more than 6 spots: neurological abnormality
- Milia- build up of cebum. looks like baby acne
Senile Lentigines
liver spots
Seborrheic Keratoses
little warts on skin. scale/crusty from sun exposure. Nonmalignant but can turn malignant
Acrochordons
^ skin tags from overgrowth of skin tissue
healthy nail bed angle?
160 degrees
capillary refill should be ___ seconds or less
2 seconds
thick toenails:
discoloration of nails:
fungal infection
infection or trauma from blood under nail bed
Decubitus Ulcers: Stage 1
- starts as a small red spot
- press down on spot, doesn’t change color (unblanchable)
- on boney prominence
Decubitus Ulcers: Stage II
- “Partial thickness”
- an actual break in the skin & loss of epidermis and dermis of skin
- looks like a blister that has burst
Decubitus Ulcers: Stage III
- “Full thickness”
- loss of: epidermis, dermis, & subcutaneous
Decubitus Ulcers: Stage IV
- “Full thickness skin loss”
- Affects all layers of skin. goes all the way through the bone
- necrosis of tissue
- need to pack wound to eat away dead tissue
Squamous cell carcinoma
Basal cell carcinoma
- caused by preceeding mole
- slow growth, round borders, inside is reddish
redness to area of body and caused by bacterial infection
Cellulitis
localized inflammation due to allergen contact from environment
Contact dermititis
autoimmune allergic alteration that is itchy and usually seen behind knees.
Eczema
Tinea Corporis
“Ringworm”
white scaley, circular lesion. easy to pass from person to person
Bright red, raised patch or lesion on skin of kids. Disappears between 5-7yrs old and is caused by immature blood vessels clumped together that you can see through skin
Strawberry mark
A bacterial infection that is easy to spread from person to person and caused by an infected cut or mosquito bite. Needs to be on “contact isolation”
Impetigo
Two chronic skin conditions:
- Eczema
2. Psoriasis
“butterfly rash”
Lupus rash
a Unilateral rash that tracks in a linear direction across body
Shingles
Pink color rash that is caused by viral infection and contracted through droplet contact. Starts in face then moves to other areas of body
Rubella
A more severe rash that lasts 10-12 days. Ruby/purple rash that doesn’t appear until 3rd or 4th day of illness
Rubeola
Onchyomycosis
Fungal infection of nails
self-inflicted abrasion on skin due to scratching
excoriation
