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Health Assessment > Skin, Hair & nails > Flashcards

Skin, Hair & nails Flashcards

1
Q

largest organ on your body

A

skin

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2
Q

3 layers of skin:

A
  1. Epidermis
  2. Dermis
  3. Subcutaneous
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3
Q

Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous

A

E: outer layer, sheds every 4 weeks
D: connective & elastic tissue. Nerves, blood vessels & lymphatic system
S: fat

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4
Q

2 techniques for examining skin:

A
  1. Inspection

2. Palpation

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5
Q

Skin purposes:

A
  • protection from water loss
  • sensory: touch, pain, heat, cold, pressure
  • Largest organ of body
  • emotional state, vitamin D, cholesterol etc
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6
Q

Fine, downy hair present at birth

A

Lanugo

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7
Q

a cheesy substance that babies come out of vagina with. Prevents water loss & protects infants skin from amniotic fluid

A

Vernix Caseosa

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8
Q

dark line thats midline on abdomen of pregnant woman

A

linea nigra

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9
Q

Chloasma

A

hyperpigmentation on facial area of pregnant females due to changes in hormones

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10
Q

Striae Gravidarum

A

Medical term for stretch marks

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11
Q

Bruising caused by mild trauma in older adults

A

senile purpura

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12
Q

Xerosis

A

excessively dry skin thats common in hypothyroid patients

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13
Q

Excessive sweating (diapharesis) is common in pat’s who have:

A 
hyperthyroidism
menopause pt
MI pt
Withdrawal pt
Infection
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14
Q

what to look for on skin upon inspection & palpation:

A
  1. Color- pigmentation & color changes
  2. Temp- hypo or hyperthermia
  3. moisture- sweating or dehydration
  4. texture
  5. thickness
  6. edema
  7. mobility and tugor
  8. vascularity or bruising
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15
Q

type of lesion that shows up on unaltered skin

A

primary lesion

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16
Q

type of lesion that comes from an infection or scratching of skin

A

Secondary lesion

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17
Q

flat skin lesion (less than 1cm) with only a color change ex: freckles

A

Macule

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18
Q

Palpable skin lesion smaller than (1cm or less) Ex: Wart

A

Papule

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19
Q

Macule that is >1cm. Ex: Magnolia spot

A

Patch

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20
Q

skin lesion in which papules coalesce or come together (wider than 1cm). Ex: Psoriasis

A

Plaque

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21
Q

Hard or soft lesion that is elevated and greater than 1cm. Ex: Fibroma

A

Nodule

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22
Q

Irregular shaped, raised red, skin lesion due to interstitial fluid Ex: Mosquito bite

A

Wheal

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23
Q

Urticaria

A

(hives)

reaction to meds

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24
Q

Blister

A

Vesicle

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25
Q

Bulla

A

contact dermititis

26
Q

fluid filled cavity

A

Cyst

27
Q

Acne with puss in it or abcess

A

Pustule

28
Q

Types of purpuric lesions:

A
  1. Petechiae
  2. Purpura
  3. Hematoma
  4. Ecchymosis
29
Q

Type of Purpuric lesion: less than 2mm, round, discrete, dark red, and don’t blanch. From an infection and abnormal clotting

A

Petechiae

30
Q

Type of Purpuric lesion: Extensive patches of petechiae, don’t blanch.

A

Purpura

31
Q

Type of Purpuric lesion: Trauma induced; bleeding and liver disorders. Various color changes depending on stage of healing.

A

Ecchymosis

32
Q

Secondary lesions are due to:

A

scratching or infection

ex: crust, scale, fissure, erosion, ulcer, excoration, keloid, Lichenification

33
Q
  • Shallow depression in skin. Superficial blister that’s burst
  • Deep depression in skin that extends into dermis. irregular shaped
A

Erosion

Ulcer

34
Q

What happens to a pt’s mouth when they have too much saliva (usually from dentures)

A

Fissure in corners of mouth

35
Q

tightly packed set of papules that makes skin becomes thick. Usually seen in older adults. Caused by excessive scratching

A

Lichenification

36
Q

How do you identify suspicious lesions?

A 
A,B,C,D,E's
Asymmetry
Border irregularity
Color varied
Diameter larger
Elevated
37
Q

Infant skin development considerations:

A
  1. Mongolian Spot- dark birthmark
  2. Cafe au lait- more than 6 spots: neurological abnormality
  3. Milia- build up of cebum. looks like baby acne
38
Q

Senile Lentigines

A

liver spots

39
Q

Seborrheic Keratoses

A

little warts on skin. scale/crusty from sun exposure. Nonmalignant but can turn malignant

40
Q

Acrochordons

A

^ skin tags from overgrowth of skin tissue

41
Q

healthy nail bed angle?

A

160 degrees

42
Q

capillary refill should be ___ seconds or less

A

2 seconds

43
Q

thick toenails:

discoloration of nails:

A

fungal infection

infection or trauma from blood under nail bed

44
Q

Decubitus Ulcers: Stage 1

A
  • starts as a small red spot
  • press down on spot, doesn’t change color (unblanchable)
  • on boney prominence
45
Q

Decubitus Ulcers: Stage II

A
  • “Partial thickness”
  • an actual break in the skin & loss of epidermis and dermis of skin
  • looks like a blister that has burst
46
Q

Decubitus Ulcers: Stage III

A
  • “Full thickness”

- loss of: epidermis, dermis, & subcutaneous

47
Q

Decubitus Ulcers: Stage IV

A
  • “Full thickness skin loss”
  • Affects all layers of skin. goes all the way through the bone
  • necrosis of tissue
  • need to pack wound to eat away dead tissue
48
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma

Basal cell carcinoma

A
  • caused by preceeding mole

- slow growth, round borders, inside is reddish

49
Q

redness to area of body and caused by bacterial infection

A

Cellulitis

50
Q

localized inflammation due to allergen contact from environment

A

Contact dermititis

51
Q

autoimmune allergic alteration that is itchy and usually seen behind knees.

A

Eczema

52
Q

Tinea Corporis

A

“Ringworm”

white scaley, circular lesion. easy to pass from person to person

53
Q

Bright red, raised patch or lesion on skin of kids. Disappears between 5-7yrs old and is caused by immature blood vessels clumped together that you can see through skin

A

Strawberry mark

54
Q

A bacterial infection that is easy to spread from person to person and caused by an infected cut or mosquito bite. Needs to be on “contact isolation”

A

Impetigo

55
Q

Two chronic skin conditions:

A
  1. Eczema

2. Psoriasis

56
Q

“butterfly rash”

A

Lupus rash

57
Q

a Unilateral rash that tracks in a linear direction across body

A

Shingles

58
Q

Pink color rash that is caused by viral infection and contracted through droplet contact. Starts in face then moves to other areas of body

A

Rubella

59
Q

A more severe rash that lasts 10-12 days. Ruby/purple rash that doesn’t appear until 3rd or 4th day of illness

A

Rubeola

60
Q

Onchyomycosis

A

Fungal infection of nails

61
Q

self-inflicted abrasion on skin due to scratching

A

excoriation

Health Assessment (12 decks)

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