Chapter 21- Abdomen Flashcards
Solid Visceral Organs:
(liver, pancreas, spleen, adrenal glands, kidneys, ovaries, uterus)
hold their characteristic shape
Hollow visceral organs:
(stomach, gallbladder, small intestine, colon, bladder)
shape depends on contents
The RUQ contains:
Liver
gallbladder
R kidney (posterior)
The LUQ contains:
Pancreas
Spleen
L kidney (posterior)
The R kidney rests __ to ___ lower than the L kidney
1-2 cm
The RLQ contains:
Apendix
Colon
Regions of the Abdomen:
above the belly button:
belly button area:
below the belly button:
Epigastric
Umbilical
Hypogastric or Suprapubic
Infants and children are easier to palpate than older adults, why?
they have less muscle in their abdomen
In the 1st trimester of pregnancy, women experience ^:
vomitting & hemorrhoid development from ^ venous pressure
osciltate bowel sounds: faint and hard to hear from baby pushing upward
In aging adults, what happens to their liver?
shrinks
can affect metabolizing drugs
a burning sensation in esophagus and stomach from reflux of gastric acid is called:
Pyrosis
Visceral pain:
Parietal pain:
Referred pain:
- dull, from internal organ, poorly localized
- sharp, can tell exactly where it came from, aggrivated by movement
- occurs in 1 location but not coming from an organ in that area (ex: infection in pancreas, radiates to shoulder blade)
Collecting Objective Data:
- Inspect
- Auscultate
- Percuss
- Palpate
note the change in assessment order
Inspect Contour of the Abdomen (4)
Flat- horizontal line
Scaphoid- sunken in, malnourished
Rounded- Extra fat tissue
Protuberant- pregnant or ascites
Bruising around the abdomen is called:
and usually is a sign of:
Cullen Sign
internal bleeding
The F’s of Abdominal Distention
Fat Fluid- ascites Feces- obstruction bc of too much medication and not enough movement Flatus- gas Fibroid Full bladder- distention and tenderness False Pregnancy Fatal tumor
Aucultation sites for Vascular Sounds:
only listen if they are sick or you suspect something
- Aorta
- Renal Arteries
- Iliac Arteries
- Femoral Arteries
When would you hear a hyperresonant sound or a dull sound in the abdomen?
hyperresonant: too much gas in abdomen
dull: tumor, bladder distention
Color/texture of skin in someone who has:
- Ascites
- Striae
- ascites- glistening skin, taught
2. Striase- (stretch marks) purple/blue if new, white or silver when old
“growling” of the stomach is called:
borborygmus
An enlarged liver span indicates liver ____
enlargement or hepatomegaly
The spleen can be palpated between the __ and __- intercostal space.
9th and 11th
The Costovertebral Angle Tenderness test assesses:
kidneys
if any pain, indication they have inflammation of kidney
What are the two tests that check for ascites?
- Shifting Dullness
2. Fluid Wave Test
In order to get + results for ascites using the shifting dullness test, the pt needs to have at least ___ ml of fluid
500 mL
light palpations vs deep palpation
light: 1-2cm
deep: 5-8cm for delineating abdominal organs and detecting masses
What are the 2 methods for palpating the liver:
- Bimanual
2. Hooking
The spleen has to ___x normal size in order to feel it upon palpation
3x
In order to palpate the kidneys, you should used the ___ method
duck-bill method
usually can’t feel the kidneys or may feel lower pole of r kidney since it sits lower
When palpating the aorta, it should normally be ____ cm wide. But if it’s wider, thats a sign of __
2.5-4cm wide
aneurysm
Blumberg’s Sign is used to assess for:
Rebound tenderness of abdomen
choose a site away from pain and hold hand at 90 degrees, pressing down.
Un-normal response: pain upon release of pressure
Murphys sign is used to assess for:
inflammation of gallbladder
place fingers below liver border and ask person to take a deep breath in.
Positive results: liver is pushing the inflamed gallbladder onto the examining hand: sharp pain
The Illiopsoas muscle test is used to assess for:
Apendescites
Pain in RLQ upon lifting of right leg with you pushing slightly down on thigh
The obtrurator muscle test assesses for:
inflamed appendix
hold R leg up, flexed at hip and 90 degrees at knee
rotate leg inward, pain will be produced
