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Health Assessment > Nuerologic > Flashcards

Nuerologic Flashcards

1
Q

Intracranial pressure is made up of:

A
  1. Brain tissue (88%)
  2. Cerebrospinal fluid (10%)
  3. Intravascular blood (2%)
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2
Q

central nervous system is made up of:

A
  • brain
  • brain stem
  • spinal cord
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3
Q

Part of your brain that controls your emotions, intellect, personality and behavior

A

Frontal lobe

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4
Q

Part of your brain that controls sensations

A

parietal lobe

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5
Q

part of your brain that controls vision

A

occipital lobe

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6
Q

part of your brain that is your relay center for brain messages sent back and forth from cranial and spinal nerves

A

thalamus

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7
Q

part of brain that controls: respiratory**

temperature, BP, HR, appetite, sex drive & sleep

A

Hypothalamus

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8
Q

There are ___ cranial nerves
___ motor
—- sensory
____ both

A

12 cranial nerves
5 pair motor
3 pair sensory
4 pair both

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9
Q 
There are \_\_\_\_ spinal nerves 
\_\_ cervical
\_\_\_\_ thoracic
\_\_\_\_ sacral 
\_\_\_\_ coccygeal
A 
31 spinal nerves
7  pair cervical
12 pair thoracic
5 pair sacral
1 pair coccygeal
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10
Q

Because an infants neruological system hasn’t fully developed yet, they have:

A

primitive reflexes- until 1 yr old

sensations at birth- suckling etc

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11
Q

As an adult ages, the weight of their brain decreases by ____ due to:

A

15% due to loss of neurons

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12
Q

Objective data to include in a neurological exam:

A
  1. mental status (A/O x3)
  2. Cranial Nerve tests- #3 (occular nerve)
  3. Motor system- gait
  4. Sensory System- hearing loss, tingling, numbness
  5. Reflexes- lesions on spinal cord or brain (hyperactive)
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13
Q

Types of LOC (level of consciousness (5))

A
  • Alert (awake, having conversation)
  • Lethargic ( drift to sleep)
  • Obtunded ( difficult to wake up. loud shout/shake)
  • Stupor ( semi-coma. sternal rub sometimes doesnt wake them)
  • Comatose
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14
Q

Three checks for mental status

A
  1. LOC
  2. Orientation
  3. Memory (loss)
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15
Q

A persons memory can be lost:

A

Immediate (2 seconds after you tell them something)
Recent (24 hours)
Remote (certain event)
Abstract ( difference between chair & car)
Confabulation ( make up info thats not real)

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16
Q

Cranial Nerve I

A

Olfactory- smell

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17
Q

Cranial Nerve II

A 
Optic: 
visual acuity 
near vision 
visual fields 
optic disc
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18
Q

Carnial Nerve III

A

Occulomotor:
close eyelids
eye movement
size of pupil

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19
Q

Cranial Nerve IV (4)

A

Trochlear

downwards and inward eye movement

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20
Q

Cranial Nerve V

A 
Trigeminal 
motor function (clench teeth, mastoid muscle strength) 
sensory function (corneal reflex, discriminate between sharp and dull with cotton ball)
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21
Q

Cranial Nerve VI

A

Abducens

Outward/lateral eye movement

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22
Q

PERRLA stands for:

A

Pupils are Equal, Round, and Reactive to light and Accomodation

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23
Q

To test your Equal Occular Motor’s you:

A

hold a pen light and motion through 6 cardinal fields of gaze

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24
Q

Cranial Nerve VII

A

Facial

  • Motor function: facial expressions (frown, smile etc)
  • Sensory Function: identify sweet vs salty on anterior -portion of tongue
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25
Q

Cranial nerve VIII

A

Acoustic

  • “whisper test”
  • “Normal Conversation”
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26
Q

Cranial nerve IX

A

Glossopharyngeal

  • gag reflex
  • swallow
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27
Q

Cranial nerve X

A

Vagus

  • gag reflex
  • palate and uvula movement
  • clear speech (light, bright, dynamite)
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28
Q

Cranial nerve XI

A

Spinal Accessory

- neck & shoulder muscle strength

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29
Q

Cranial Nerve XII

A

Hypoglossal

  • tongue movement
  • speech
30
Q

Involuntary movement of the muscles include:

A
  • Tic- constant twitching of muscles
  • Tremor- common in alcoholics/ back & forth movement
  • Chorea- sudden, rapid, jerking movement
  • Athetosis- continuous twitching
31
Q

Balance Tests include:

A
  1. Gait ** assess first**
  2. Tandem Walking (heel to toe)
  3. RombergTest (stand still and look for swaying)
  4. Shallow knee bend (MS or obese)
32
Q

Types of coordination and skilled movements

A

Rapid Alternating Movements
Finger-To-Finger Test
Finger-To-Nose Test
Heel-To-Shin Test

33
Q

decrease in neuron function. Decreases pain sensation in older adults

A

Hypoalgesia

34
Q

abscense of pain

A

Analgesia

35
Q

Increased sensitivity to pain. (low tolerance)

A

Hyperalgesia

36
Q

decreased sensation to pain

A

Hypoesthesia

37
Q

absent sensation to touch

A

Anesthesia

38
Q

Hyperesthesia

A

^^ hyper response to touch

39
Q

Types of reflexes (4)

A
  1. Deep Tendon- patellar knee jerk
  2. Superficial- corneal reflex, abdominal
  3. Visceral- pupillary response to light
  4. Pathologic- abnormal (Babinski or extensor plantar reflex)
40
Q

the reflex where you stroke up side of groin and R or L side of scrotum elevates

A 
Cremasteric Reflex (L1-L2) 
(superficial reflex)
41
Q

What two reflexes test L4-S2?

A
  1. Planter Reflex in adults

2. Babinski Reflex in kids

42
Q

The neurologic recheck has 4 steps which are:

A
  1. Level of consciousness
  2. Motor Function
  3. Pupillary response
  4. Vital signs
43
Q

loss of ability to recognize importance of sensory impressions

A

agnosia

44
Q

loss of ability to express thoughts in writing

A

agraphia

45
Q

loss of pain sensation

A

analgesia

46
Q

loss of ability to perform purposeful movements in the absence of sensory or motor damage

A

apraxia

47
Q

inability to perform coordinated movements

A

ataxia

48
Q

bizarre, slow, twisting, writhing, movement, resembling a snake or worm

A

athetosis

49
Q

sudden, rapid, jerky, purposeless movement involving limbs, trunk or face

A

chorea

50
Q

rapidly alternating involuntary contraction and relaxation of a muscle in response to sudden stretch

A

Clonus

51
Q

bundle of fibers outside of the CNS

A

nerve

52
Q

part of brain that doesn’t initiate the movement but coordinates and smooths it

A

cerebellum

53
Q

cranial nerves III through XII original from nuclei in the ___

A

brainstem

54
Q

Lower motor neurons (LMNs) that enter and exit the brain rather than the spinal cord

A

cranial nerves

55
Q

spinal nerves are mixed nerves because they contain:

A

both sensory and motor fibers

56
Q

occurs with myasthenia gravis, dysfunction of cranial nerve III or Horner syndrome

A

Ptosis (drooping of the eye)

57
Q

the cause of a sudden, unilatera, dilated, and nonreactive pupil

A

Increasing intracranial pressure

58
Q

What are common cerebellar function tests that check coordination of skilled movements?

A
  • rapid alternating movements (RAM)
  • finger-to-finger test
  • finger-to-nose test
  • heel-to-shin test
59
Q

the inability to feel vibrations is often the first sensation lost in ___ and ___ patients

A

diabetic & alcoholics

60
Q

how do you test a persons Kinesthesia?

A

move their finger up and down then left to right. Ask them to tell you what you did. (loss of position sense)

61
Q

inability to identify objects correctly. occurs in sensory cortex lesions (stroke)

A

Astereognosis

62
Q

the ability to read a number by having it traced on the skin

A

Graphesthesia

63
Q

Deep Tendon Reflexes (5)

A
  1. Biceps (C5-C6)
  2. Triceps C7)
  3. Brachioradialis (C5-C6)
  4. Quadriceps
  5. Achilles
64
Q

a set of rapid, rhythmic contractions of the same muscle

A

clonus

65
Q

reflexes that have sensory receptors in the skin rather than the muscle

A

superficial (cutaneous reflexes)

- abdominal, cremasteric, plantar reflex (Babinksi in babies)

66
Q

if a patient has had a stroke. Ask them to put their arms straight out infront of them with palms supine. What would you see?

A

Palmar drift

hld for 10 sec.

67
Q

normal size of pupil:

A

3-5mm

68
Q

when the HR decreases, BP ^ and pulse pressure widens

A

Cushing Reflex from ^ inter-cranial pressure

69
Q

flexion of upper extremities with extension & internal rotation of lower extremities

A

Decorticate

hemispheric lesion of cerebral cortex

70
Q

Extension of upper extremities with palms pronated & extension of lower extremities

A

Decerebrate

lesion in brain stem or upper pons

71
Q

prolonged arching o fback with head and heels bent backward

A

Opisthotonos

meningeal irritation

Health Assessment (12 decks)

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