thorax chung

Question 1

During quiet expiration, what structures contract?

Answer 1

elastic tissue in the lungs and thoracic wall

Question 2

Greater splanchnic nerve is destroyed - what nerve fibers are injured?

Answer 2

GVA and preganglionic sympathetic fibers

Question 3

White rami communicates at level of T6 are injured - this results in degeneration of nerve cell bodies in which structure?

Answer 3

Dorsal root ganglion and lateral horn of the spinal cord (preganglionic sympathetic GVE and GVA)

Question 4

What cell bodies are contained in the sympathetic chain ganglion?

Answer 4

postganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers

Question 5

Bleeding from vein that is accompanied by posterior interventricular artery. Which of the following veins is most likely to be ruptured?

Answer 5

Middle cardiac vein

Question 6

What comprises the largest portion of the sternocostal surface of the heart seen on radiograph?

Answer 6

Right ventricle

Question 7

A damaged interventricular septum may indicate which value is defective?

Answer 7

tricuspid valve (arises from the interventricular septum)

Question 8

A thoracic surgeon removed the right middle lobar (secondary) bronchus along with lung tissue with lung cancer. Which of the following bronchopulmonary segments must contain cancerous tissues?

Answer 8

Medial and lateral

Question 9

A tumor on eparterial bronchus - which airway is blocked?

Answer 9

Right superior bronchus (all other bronchi are hyarterial bronchi)

Question 10

Laceration of right phrenic nerve - what condition has occurred?

Answer 10

• loss of sensation in the pericardium and mediastinal pleura (contains GSE, GSA, GVE)
• phrenic nerve supplies pericardium, mediastinum, and diaphragmatic pleura and diaphragm

Question 11

Atrial septal defect - congenital heart defect - which vein opens into hypertrophied atrium?

Answer 11

Anterior cardiac vein (drains into right atrium)

Question 12

Lung cancer near cardiac notch - which of the lobes needs to be excised?

Answer 12

superior lobe of left lung (cardiac notch is in deep indentation of anterior border superior lobe left lung)

Question 13

Pleural effusion - needle should be inserted at midaxillary line between which ribs to avoid puncturing lung?

Answer 13

Ribs 8 and 10

Question 14

Occulsion at origin of descending thoracic aorta - this condition would most likely decrease blood flow to which intercostal artery?

Answer 14

Lower 9 posterior

Question 15

MI in area of apex of heart. The occlusion is where?

Answer 15

Anterior interventricular artery

Question 16

Lung carcinoma in left lung - which of the following structures are characteristics of cancerous lung?

Answer 16

Lingula

Question 17

Advanced cancer in posterior mediastinum - dilemma as to how to manage the condition - what is most likely damange?

Answer 17

Hemiazygous vein

Question 18

Tumor located superior to root of right lung. Blood flow in which of the following veins is most likely blocked?

Answer 18

Arch of the azygous vein (arches over root of right lung and empties into superior vena cava)

Question 19

Cystic fibrosis blocked which structure?

Answer 19

terminal bronchioles

Question 20

Advanced cancer spread into right third intercostal space posterior to the midaxillary line. If cancer cells are carried in venous drainage, they would travel first to which of the following veins?

Answer 20

Right superior intercostal vein

Question 21

Thrombosis in both brachiocephalic veins - this condition would most likely cause dilation of which vein?

Answer 21

Left superior intercostal (formed by 2, 3 and 4th posterior intercostal vein and drains into left brachiocephalic vein)

Question 22

Occlusion of circumflex branch of LCA - suffering from MI in which area?

Answer 22

Left atrium and ventricle

Question 23

Solid tumor in mediastinum, which is confined at level of sternal angle. Which of the following structures would most likely be found at this level?

Answer 23

Bifurcation of trachea (sternal angle is at junction of manubrium and body of sternum)

Question 24

Fractured left 3erd rib and structures with which it articulated. Which structures are damaged?

Answer 24

Body of second thoracic vertebrae (3erd rib articulates with body of sternum, bodies of 2nd and 3erd thoracic vertebrae, transverse process of 3erd thoracic vertebra)

Question 25

Tumor in posterior mediastinum - results in compression of which structure?

Answer 25

Descending aorta (found in both superior and posterior medistinum)

Question 26

Inability to maintain constant tension on cusps of AV valve - which structure is most likely damaged?

Answer 26

Chordae tendineae

Question 27

MI in right coronary artery blocked by a fat globule after giving off the right marginal artery - which structure may have oxygen deficiency?

Answer 27

AV node

Question 28

Tension pneumothorax - to avoid injury of the intercostal neurovascular bundle, the needle may be inserted in which of the following locations?

Answer 28

Above the upper border of the ribs

Question 29

Which structure branches into the bronchial arteries?

Answer 29

Descending (thoracic) aorta

Question 30

The left coronary artery arises from which structure?

Answer 30

Right and left coronary arteries arise from the ascending aorta

Question 31

What structure contains septomarginal trabecula?

Answer 31

Right ventricle

Question 32

What structure takes its origin from the left ventricle and ends at the sternal angle?

Answer 32

Ascending aorta takes its origin from the left ventricle and ends at the level of the sternal angle by becoming the arch of the aorta