pelvis 1

Question 1

What are the bones of the pelvis?

Answer 1

• pelvic bones
• sacrum
• coccyx

Question 2

What are the major muscles of the pelvis?

Answer 2

• psoas
• iliacus
• obturator internus
• levator ani
• perineal muscles

Question 3

What are the major vessels of the pelvis?

Answer 3

• common iliacs (external, internal)

- internal pudendal

Question 4

What are the major nerves of the pelvis?

Answer 4

• lumbar plexus
• sacral plexus
• autonomics

Question 5

How is the male and female pelvis different?

Answer 5

• subpubic angle/pubic arch is larger and greater sciatic notch is wider in female
• the cavity is wider and shallower in female
• inlet oval in female, heart shaped in male

Question 6

Where do the ovaries and testes develop?

Answer 6

• within abdominal cavity, but later descends into pelvis/scrotum

Question 7

What happens to the gubernaculum in ovary/testes descent?

Answer 7

• forms ovarian ligament and round ligament of uterus in females and tests in males

Question 8

What is the equivalent to the scrotal sac?

Answer 8

• labium majorum

Question 9

Where do the gonads develop?

Answer 9

• retroperiotenum

- carry their own peritoneum

Question 10

What is the path of the sperm?

Answer 10

• from testes –> collecting ductules –> epididymis –> vas deferens –> through inguinal canal –> back into pelvis –> seminal vesicles –> form an ejaculate

Question 11

What is a continuation of the ovarian ligament?

Answer 11

• round ligament of uterus (which attaches to uterus in front and below attachment of uterine tube –> remains lower part of gubernaculum)

Question 12

What passes through the inguinal canal in females?

Answer 12

• round ligament and the canal is narrow

Question 13

Blood supply of the ovaries

Answer 13

arteries –> ovarian arteries (come from aorta) contained in suspensory ligament and anastomose with branches of uterine artery
veins –> right ovarian vein joins IVC, left ovarian vein joins left renal vein

Question 14

What is special about the suspensory ligament?

Answer 14

• brings ovarian artery, vein, lymphatics

- band of peritoneum

Question 15

What covers the ovary?

Answer 15

• the ovum/oocyte is expelled into peritoneal cavity and then into uterine tube
• not covered by peritoneum

Question 16

What innervates the ductus deferens/vas deferens?

Answer 16

• SNS nerves of hypogastric plexus

- PNS nerves of pelvic plexus

Question 17

Where does the vas deferens enter?

Answer 17

• enters the pelvis at deep inguinal ring at lateral side of inferior epigastric artery

Question 18

What is the retroperitoneal relationship with the testes?

Answer 18

• testes developed retroperitoneally and descended into scrotum retroperitoneally

Question 19

What is the vascular supply of testes?

Answer 19

Arterial –> testicular artery from abdominal aorta

Veins –> drained by pampiniform plexus

Question 20

Where does a direct inguinal hernia occur?

Answer 20

• within Hasselbach triangle

Question 21

Broad ligament of the uterus

Answer 21

• 2 layers of peritoneum
• contains uterine tube, uterine vessels, round ligament, ovarian ligament, ureter, uterovaginal nerve plexus, lymphatic vessels
• not contain ovaries

Question 22

What is the composition of the seminal fluid?

Answer 22

• produced by seminial vesicles

- alkaline constituent contains fructose and choline

Question 23

What is the tenuous arc?

Answer 23

• two fascia sheath connect to one another

- levator ani attaches to obturator internus (tendenous part)

Question 24

What is the ischioanal fossa?

Answer 24

• potential space on either side anorectum and separated from pelvis by levator ani and its fasciae
• contains ischioanal fat which allows distention of anal canal during defecation
• inferior rectal nerves and vessels

Question 25

What does the levator ani do?

Answer 25

• supports and raises the pelvic floor

Question 26

What are the functions of the prostate gland?

Answer 26

• secrete fluid which contributes to the seminal fluid

- secretes PSA, prostaglandis, citric acid, proteolytic enzymes

Question 27

What are the functions of the bulbourethral glands?

Answer 27

• pass through inferior fascia of urogenital diaphragm to open into bulbous portion of spongy (penile) urethra
• neutralizes acidity of urethra